Finalized in 2015, on its early years of operation the wastewater treatment plant sited on the campus Prof. José Alóisio de Campus of the Federal University of Sergipe presented low levels of waste flow in comparison with the estimated on the project. In this work, assisted by datas provided on annual reports from the institution, was made a study focused on flow projections to find more accuracy values. In the development of the study, was observed that the values of the avarage flow found on this work was about 2,8 times smaller than the ones brought on project. The reduction on those values was responsible for minor the costs of implantation in about 70% of the whole cost.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of chemical additives (present in the produced water) on the permeation flux of the membrane filtration process. The additives reducing agent, antifouling, antifoam and demulsifier, were evaluated in concentration range commonly used in platforms. Synthetic emulsions, prepared according to characteristics (content of oils and greases, salinity and temperature) of the effluent treated in the plants of the platforms, were submitted to the membrane filtration process, in order to obtain the Modified Fouling Index (MFI). The experiments carried out followed a fractional factorial design planning with central point and resolution IV. The results indicated that the demulsifier and reducing agent are those that have significant effects on the filtration process, that is, they have the biggest fouling potential when present in emulsion.

Layered Double Hydroxide (HDL), also known as hydrotalcite-like compounds, are nanoparticulate materials capable of incorporating numerous negatively charged species of biomolecules in their interlamellar region in order to neutralize the positive charges of the lamellae through the ion exchange mechanism. In addition to this mechanism, HDLs have high adsorption capacity of non-ionic materials and are positively charged through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds in their vast surface area. Therefore, these nanomaterials present wide application, among which preservation and environmental care, and can also be used in the catalysis, in the decontamination of industrial effluents, besides removing anionic contaminants by means of the intercalation of these residues between their layers. In this work, the ZnAl-NO3 HDL (Zn2 + / Al3 + molar ratio equal to 2) and MgAl-NO3 (molar ratio Mg2 + / Al3 + equal to 2) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and characterized by light diffraction -X (DRX), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

Anaerobic sewage treatment systems have great application in Brazil, bearing in mind to the favorable environmental conditions. However, as a by-product of UASB there are the sludge, scum and biogas, this latter is composed of sulphide gas (H2S) which is one of the main compounds of bad odors present in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP). Considering the start of operation of the new UASB in an WWTP on the metropolitan region of Curitiba-PR, a complete evaluation of the old UASB was carried out, aiming to suggest integrated actions that allow the improvement of the quality of the effluent, elevation of the service standard, mitigation of bad odors and the scum removal. All the final conclusions were based on the evaluation of the analytical parameters these analysis were pH, alkalinity, sulfides, sedimentable solids, COD and flow. With this, the results of the analyzes were compared through graphs and comparative photos, allowing suggestions for the reduction of emission of bad odors and improvement of the quality of sewage and discharge of scum.

Swine manure is characterized by a high content of suspended solids, organic matter, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), pathogenic substances, color and odor. If not properly treated, they become a powerful environmental polluter and may result in a potential risk to human health and the environment. In this context, a hybrid physical and chemical treatment are efficient methods for their respective degradation or suitability for further treatments. This work aims at a preliminary treatment to the mineralization of the organic compounds of swine wastewater by means of a catalytic ozonation process in the presence of hydrated lime used in civil construction. The following factors were evaluated: amount of lime, amount of polymeric flocculant and reaction time, with a result of 43.7% for TOC reduction and 42.9% for COD. The solid residue obtained with the treatment, rich in macro nutrients and with strict microbiological control, can be used as fertilizer.

Sanitary landfills produce large quantities of effluents generated from the moisture of buried solid waste and leaching of rainfall. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the treatment of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation of landfill leachate previously treated by facultative ponds. The experiments were carried out at the Caxias do Sul landfill treatment plant, Aterro Rincão das Flores, with aluminum sulphate coagulant, using a concentration of 270 mg of Al+3/L of leachate. Several parameters such as metals, BOD5, COD, ammoniacal and Kjeldahl nitrogen, solids, sulfate and conductivity were analyzed. The results were satisfactory, reaching 79.13% COD removal efficiency, 57.27% Kjeldahl total nitrogen removal and 86,97% BOD, besides being efficient in the removal of metals present in the effluent (Ni, Hg, Cr, Mn). However, it maintained the conductivity of the effluent high and increased the sulfate concentration, which may be detrimental to toxicity.

The present study aims to investigate the treatment of landfill leachate from an integration of systems, involving coagulatio / flocculation (CF) as pre and post treatment and Electrochemical processes of Advanced Oxidation. The Photo-Electro-Fenton system (FEF) was used in a laboratory scale photo-reactor. As response variables were selected the parameters of degradation of aromatic compounds (CA254nm) and Cor (mg Pt-Co L-1). An analysis of the direct costs was carried out, evaluating the economic viability of the integration of the systems. For the determination of the optimized conditions of the CF process in Jar-Test, the following concentrations of Aluminum Sulphate were used: 1 g L-1, 1.6 g L-1, 2 g L-1,3 g L-1 , 5 g L-1.8 g L-1. Different operating conditions for the FEF process were studied. With the photo-reactor operating under optimized conditions, the removal of 85% and 93% of CA254nm and Cor, respectively, with costs of R $ 138.75 / m³ of treated leachate was verified.

The reuse of the treated domestic effluent appears as an alternative to prevent water scarcity and at the same time contributes to agriculture, reducing the release of sewage into the receiving bodies, allowing the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers, providing increased production and saving of water for irrigation. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential utilization of treated wastewater in the municipality of Feira de Santana-BA for the irrigation of corn crop. In this study data were obtained by means of a bibliographical revision to size the production. Therefore, it was estimated the quantity of this cereal that could be produced annually, based on the value of the average corn yield in Bahia, considering the average water requirement of the plant. The results showed that there is a potential for reutilization of treated wastewater in the municipality of Feira de Santana to irrigate an area of 1066.24 ha, obtaining an annual yield of maize of 8,892.44 tons. As one of several uses of this cereal, the production of poultry ration could supply the poultry pole installed in the region itself, taking into account the daily slaughtering of about 265,000 birds, which could increase this production by 75%. In addition, the use of wastewater could reduce the water footprint of chicken meat in the Feira de Santana Metropolitan Region and avoid the importation of virtual water from the western state, which supplies this productive chain.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of different arrangements in combined processes of Sedimentation/Coagulation-Flocculation (SCF) and Electrocoagulation (EC) in the treatment of LAS. The efficiency of removal of aromatic compounds (254 nm) and color (mg Pt-Co L-1) were monitored during the procedures. The SCF process was based on the use of the inorganic aluminum sulfate coagulant at a concentration of 3000 mg L-1, and the EC process under the experimental conditions of current intensity of 3 A, pH 7.8, and hybrid electrodes composed of stainless steel plates and aluminum. The best configuration of arrangements was based on the integration with pre-treatment via SCF and post-treatment with SCFEC, obtaining a removal efficiency of 81.5% of aromatic compounds (λ 254 nm) and 97.9% Cor. Therefore, the applying combined processes in the removal of pollutants found in LAS can help to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the inappropriate disposal of LAS in hydrous bodies.

The treatment of water for public supply through conventional processes such as flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection implanted in Brazil near the 60's, are still widely used by distribution companies due to its robustness and simplicity. However, the industrial momentum and the jump in population growth have led to an exacerbated increase in the contamination of the sources of abstraction, iron and manganese, causing operational and physiological neurological problems, or infertility in concentrations that exceed 0.4 mg / L. The membrane filtration system can be a good ally in removing the constituents in their insoluble forms. In this work the ultrafiltration (UF) process was used to treat water contaminated with iron and manganese. The experiment lasted 1.5 hours, at constant pressure of 1.5 bar, with tangential flow, in a polyether sulfone membrane with a cut-off molar mass of 50 kDa. This process was preceded by conventional processes of pretreatment, sedimentation, followed by oxidation of the metals, by sodium hypochlorite. The ultrafiltration step had constant permeate fluxes, close to the range of 85 L / m².h and fouling of less than 5%. The use of UF removed the turbidity, color, iron and manganese values of the samples by more than 99%, also taking into account the physicochemical parameters required by current legislation, Ministry of Health Ordinance 2914/2011.

Scientific research currently aims at new industrial processes, with less generation of waste, effluents and rational consumption of natural resources. This work has as part of the study a treatment plant for galvanic effluents, where conventional treatments are not able to completely remove the contaminants. An interesting alternative for this problem is the use of ion exchangers, which are able to retain the contaminants that are desired to be removed and to release the other ions from the resin bed present in the equipment, in contrast this technique has limitations, such as the generation of effluents with high chemical load, so to replace this technique, we chose the membrane separation processes (MSP), which are able to remove the metals and additives, and also enable the reuse of the same and water. In this work the efficiency of a membrane separation process of reverse osmosis in the substitution of the step of the ion exchanger process in the final treatment of a power plant for the treatment of effluents was analyzed. The results showed a retention of 93.38% for reverse osmosis, representing the substitution efficiency at a 16% increase.

The objective of the present study to evaluate the remove Indigo Carmine dye (CIC) in a synthetic aqueous solution by means of the adsorption process using bovine bone activated carbon (CAOB). Different masses of the CAOB were tested in order to verify the best concentration of the adsorbent, to later evaluate the variation of different pHs and the determination of the absorbances (abs) of wavelengths 228, 254, 284, 310, 455 and 610 nm. The results indicated a higher efficiency with the 3.0 g mass of CAOB, so we used this mass as a fixed parameter in the later experiments. The best adsorption of the dye molecule relative to the wavelengths (284, 310 and 610) and the color occurred when was used at pH 2.0 in 15 minutes. However, this pH has a decay in reduction of aromatic compounds between 15 and 60 minutes. Therefore, the use of pH 4.0 is emphasized, due to a very significant reduction. For the color a similar process efficiency was verified for the pHs investigated in 60 minutes of treatment, achieving a reduction to approximately 50 mg Pt Co L-1.

Sodium diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug with the highest acute toxicity among the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and it has been frequently detected in water sources and wastewaters. In this context, alternative technologies have been proposed for water treatment in the removal of this type of pollutant such as adsorption onto activated carbon. The present work aims to study the removal of sodium diclofenac from water by adsorption onto commercial granular activated carbon. Batch experiments revealed that adsorption equilibrium is reached after 150 min at the studied experimental conditions. Different adsorbent concentrations were evaluated and it was observed maximum removal percentage of 80% is reached with 15 g L-1 of activated carbon. Kinetic study indicated that pseudosecond order model was the equation that best fitted the experimental data. In the equilibrium adsorption study was verified that Freundlich isotherm is the model that best described sodium diclofenac adsorption equilibrium on activated carbon.

The use of agroindustrial residues associated with the technology of fermentative processes has been stimulated the development of new strategies of energy generation aiming at concomitant to its treatment, the obtention of compounds of interest, such as ethanol. Cheese whey permeate is an industrial by-product, which is a rich substrate in nutrients and good potential for the production of ethanol. The need for improvements in fermentation processes and cell immobilization technology can positively contribute to more effective and advantageous bioprocesses. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioconversion of cheese whey permeate into ethanol by Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 4086, immobilized in Lentikats®. The cultivations were conducted in Duran flasks from different concentrations of cheese whey permeate (60-180 g L-1), at a temperature of 30 ° C, under gentle stirring. High conversion factors and volumetric productivity were obtained, ranging from 0.44 g g -1 to 0.53 g g -1, and from 1.03 g L -1 h -1 to 1.72 g L -1 h- 1, being that the higher conversion was obtained from the lower concentration of the whey permeate medium, while the higher volumetric productivity was obtained for the higher permeate concentration. High concentrations of ethanol were observed, reaching a maximum of 62.0 g L-1.

Wetlands are effluent treatment systems whose principle is the use of aquatic macrophytes. It is a physical chemical process in which it has a total interaction of microorganisms, substrate and vegetation, in which filtration, sedimentation, precipitation, chemical adsorption, microbiological activity, among other processes responsible for obtaining good quality wate. Wetlands can be used to treat domestic sewage, leaching water, effluent from many industries and agriculture, and contaminated water. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of Wetlands for the treatment of wastewater, where, based on research carried out in academic articles, it can be concluded that this system generates great advantages, as it performs the treatment through phytoremediation, has low cost, easy maintenance and, minimum energy consumption.

The development and improvement of techniques for the treatment of textile effluents has been the subject of studies and researches in recent years, mainly regarding the removal of the color of these effluents. In this context, the use of electrochemical reactors, which generate in situ coagulants from the application of electric current on metal electrodes, has been highlighted. In order to improve the efficiency and economic viability of the electrochemical treatment, experimental designs, such as the Rotational Compound Central Design (DCCR), have been applied. Thus, the objective of this study was to obtain the empirical modeling of the one-dimensional concentration profile of an electrochemical reactor for the treatment of textile effluent, analyzing the relationship between the removal of the reactive dye Blue 5G (Rc), the hydraulic retention time ) and the applied electric current density (J). Analogously, the validity of the obtained models and the associated errors were analyzed. Nine mathematical models were obtained, of which 3 presented strong and strong correlation. These models allow the prediction of dye removal, and consequently the dye concentration profile can be obtained along the reactor, and can be used as a tool for the design of electrochemical reactors, since they allow the adjustments of applied current density and the estimation the number of electrodes required to obtain a given dye removal at a known flow rate, or the adjustment of TRH values to the useful area of the electrodes used.

Electrocoagulation has been shown to be a potential technique for the treatment of textile effluents. This consists of the application of electric current in sacrificial electrodes for the generation of metal hydroxides, which remove the contaminants present. However, there is still a lack of equations to support the design of electrochemical reactors and to correlate the conditions used for a batch and continuous flow system, making it little used. In this sense, the objective of this study was to generate an empirical correlation between the efficiency of treatment by electrocoagulation in batch system and the simple channel electrochemical reactor, in order to assist in the design of electrochemical reactors. Different conditions of Hydraulic Retention Time (TRH) and current density (J) were tested for effluent treatment in a batch system and in a continuous flow module, analyzing its efficiency of dye removal. From this, a linear correlation was performed to estimate the removal efficiency of the continuous flow modulus based on the results of the batch treatment, obtaining a correlation considered moderate, with R² = 0.8088.

Exaggerated consumption of water by industry and the disposal of generated effluents has become a major concern for future generations. These effluents, often rich in pollutants, end up causing several environmental impacts. The textile industry is the second largest consumer of water among the industrial sectors and its effluent and loaded with pollutants, it is necessary that the textile companies have a very efficient treatment. Several researches are being conducted in search of new treatment methods, one of the new fields is electroflotation. It consists of an electrochemical separation process that generates its own coagulant, neglecting the use of other chemicals. This work used the electroflotation treatment, followed by an adsorption process with activated carbon, for the polyester dye effluent aiming at color removal and a reduction of harmful prejudices such as COD, BOD, iron, chromium and phenols. The method used showed an improvement in color, a reduction of 91% for COD; of 75% for BOD; reduction of chromium and iron above 98%; and of 52% in the concentration Exaggerated consumption of water by industry and the disposal of generated effluents has become a major concern for future generations. These effluents, often rich in pollutants, end up causing several environmental impacts. The textile industry is the second largest consumer of water among the industrial sectors and its effluent and loaded with pollutants, it is necessary that the textile companies have a very efficient treatment. Several researches are being conducted in search of new treatment methods, one of the new fields is electroflotation. It consists of an electrochemical separation process that generates its own coagulant, neglecting the use of other chemicals. This work used the electroflotation treatment, followed by an adsorption process with activated carbon, for the polyester dye effluent aiming at color removal and a reduction of harmful prejudices such as COD, BOD, iron, chromium and phenols. The method used showed an improvement in color, a reduction of 91% for COD; of 75% for BOD; reduction of chromium and iron above 98%; and of 52% in the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen. Thus, the method developed for the treatment of the polyester fiber effluent, in addition to the removal of the color, also reduces the parameter within the limit range required by the legislation (CONAMA and CONSEMA) of ammoniacal nitrogen. Thus, the method developed for the treatment of the polyester fiber effluent, in addition to the removal of the color, also reduces the parameter within the limit range required by the legislation (CONAMA and CONSEMA).

In Brazil, sewage treatment and sanitation service have the largest deficit of service to the population. In this sense, decentralized wastewater treatment plants are a viable alternative to the current situation in the country, since they are used in places where there is lack of sewage collection and treatment system, present low cost, and good removal efficiency. Electrocoagulation (EC) presents itself as an alternative to the decentralized treatment because it is a simple process, with easy operation and good removal efficiencies, promoting the effluent polishing. In this study, it was analyzed the use of aluminum, iron, and stainless steel scrap in the wastewater treatment from a septic tank (ST) through the following parameters: pH, conductivity, color, turbidity, and COD. EC tests were conducted with a current density of 18.52 mA.cm-² and treatment times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40min. The electrodes that presented the best results were aluminum, being the treatment time of 15 min the one with best removal efficiencies for the parameters, turbidity, and COD which were 96%, 98%, and 86%, respectively.

Wastewater treatment is essential in order to keep the environment preservation, especially water resources. As the world´s population grows and freshwater sources are polluted, the demand for new treatment technologies increase. One promising technique is the electrocoagulation, a technology from electrochemical processes. The electrocoagulation (EC) is the in situ coagulant generation in order to reduce the effluents pollutants. This study analyzed the turbidity, color, and electrical conductivity potential reduction by electrocoagulation of a wastewater previously treated anaerobically. A cylindrical glass vessel, a pair of aluminum electrodes and a magnetic stirrer were used to perform the same. A total of fifteen treatments were applied which are 6.94 mA.cm-² in 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30min; 9.26 mA.cm-² in 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30min; 15.6 mA.cm-² in 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30min. The lowest turbidity concentration found was 6.32 NTU in 15.6 mA.cm-² x 20 min, the color was 41.40 uC in 15.6 mA.cm-² x 20 min, and for electrical conductivity was 539.80 μS∙cm-1 in 15.6 mA.cm-² x 30 min. Therefore, the best treatment was 15.6 mA.cm-2 x 20 min.

The goal of this work is to verify the longevity of the lime process for sefinfection after the prolonged alkaline storage of treated sewage sludge in two Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), one uses the drying bed drainage process and the other the mechanical drainage using a centrifuge. The need for this research is based on the processes allowed by Brazilian federal and state environmental agencies for the treatment, disposal and final destination of this material. For this, it was verified the need to evaluate the pH decay throughout the study period. The results obtained showed that for a sludge with higher solids content, it is possible to insert less lime in the sanitization process, whereas for sludge with a lower solids content, a higher quantity of lime is required to comply with the current legislation, pH equal to or greater than 12, 30 days after lime misture process.

The claims about the bad smells caused by Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) are steadily increasing, then evaluate and control the emissions is very important. In the following work are presented some possible alternatives to be applied to reduce these odors, especially a product still little used for this treatment, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2). For the comparative results between the points with and without dosage, daily measurements and analyzes were made in the reactors of the WWTP in full scale for five months. As well as the cost-benefit analysis of the dosing product, calcium hydroxide, to replace the peroxide, a product that has been used at this WWTP for some time. Therefore, collecting all the real values obtained with the theoretical references, a certain number of conclusions were taken about on the use of the product and its changes in the pH, COD, sludge production, alkalinity and sulfides of them affluents and effluents of the station were pointed out.

The textile industry effluent is one of most harmful to the environment. Several dyes with high concentrations and high organic load are discard in water matrices based on legislation without specific discharge parameters. Among the dyes present in this type of effluent is Acid Black 210, an azo dye with long organic chain and complex molecular structure. In this context, the present work evaluated the degradation and mineralization efficiency by Fenton reaction under different conditions. The influence of the main parameters was studied: H2O2 concentration, Fe+2 concentration and H2O2:Fe+2 proportion. The decay of dye concentration was monitored by UV-VIS spectroscopy and the mineralization was determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analyzes. Through the study, it was concluded that the increase of H2O2 and Fe+2 concentration increases the degradation efficiency. About the reagents proportion, the variation of iron ions concentration at the same hydrogen peroxide concentration does not influence the degradation of Acid Black 210. With TOC analysis, it was possible to conclude that the increase of H2O2 concentration increases the mineralization efficiency, but the action of iron ions did not show conclusive results. The efficiency obtained for the most viable system was 27.6% of degradation and 29% of mineralization.

In the face of environmental problems caused by textile industries, especially in the area of dyeing, many resources are used to treat effluents from industries. Among these methods, the adsorption process applied for the removal of dyes in textile effluents is highlighted. This technique is very versatile and effective, in addition to being low cost, which boosts your employment in companies. Thus, a main factor in the efficiency of the process is the adsorbent used, as well as parameters such as pH, temperature and time. The objective of this work was to analyze the removal of the reactive blue dye CI 222 from a synthetic effluent through the adsorption process using adsorbent obtained from drying bed sludge and press filter sludge, both obtained in textile industries, dried at 60 and 100 ° C in a greenhouse and 200 ° C in Mufla. The adsorption experiments were carried out at room temperature, tested at different pHs (5, 7 and 9) with the adsorbents obtained with the different drying temperatures. The obtained results show that both are good adsorbents, however the press filter sludge presents better results in the removal of the dye under study because it has a high percentage of dye removal at all the obtaining temperatures.Key words: Adsorption. Removal of dye. Sustainability.

Due to industrial activities heavy metals such as zinc, copper, mercury and chromium are dumped into the environment. Among the heavy metals, chromium stands out as being toxic, carcinogenic and bioaccumulative. In the context of industrial effluent treatment, adsorption shows high efficiency, low cost, ease of operation, material recovery potential and the possibility of using alternative materials. The biosorbents are agricultural residues with adsorbent capacity for effluent treatment. In this context, the present work has the objective of evaluate the ideal condition for the treatment of a synthetic effluent of chromium (VI) by batch adsorption. For this, a residue from the extraction of essential oil from the peppercorn leaf (Capsicum frutescens) was used as a biosorbent. The best result, using a solution with an initial concentration of 20 ppm, was obtained at pH 2, 10 g.L-1 of solid and 30 minutes of adsorption.

In this work, organic matter removal and toxicity of a brewery wastewater treated for the peroxyelectrocoagulation process (PEC) were evaluated. The effluent was treated by the PEC technique under conditions of pH of 5.23, electric current of 1.5 A, fixed electrolysis time of 60 minutes and concentrations of hydrogen peroxide of 500 mg L-1 and 1000 mg L-1. The raw and treated effluent was characterized in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The greater removal of COD was approximately 50%. In the evaluation of toxicity, cysts of Artemia salina were used as bioindicators. For this purpose, 10 larvae of Artemia salina were used, in duplicate, considering fractions of 20 to 100% effluent, including those of control. After the bioassay was carried out, the average lethal concentrations (LC50) of the samples were determined, with a 30-50% LC50, meaning that it is still necessary to remove between 65-70% of the pollutants to become non-toxic. Toxicity reduces with treatment, however, at higher effluent concentrations the lethal effects were observed. Such results indicate the need to use improved treatment conditions for the reduction of toxicity to be effective.

Often the physico-chemical evaluation is not sufficient to provide information on the degree of risk of wastewater, thus, bioassays are required to verify the effluent toxicity. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the toxicity of leachate from a sanitary landfill treated by electrocoagulation using as a bioindicator lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa). For this purpose, a 200-liter volume of the leachate from the municipal landfill of Cascavel-PR was collected and treated by electrocoagulation at initial pH 5, current density of 128.57 Am-2 and varying the electrolysis time by 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 and 180 minutes. For toxicity testing, a hard water solution was prepared and used as control and dilution medium. Samples of raw and electrocoagulation treated leachate were diluted at 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100%. Twenty seeds of lettuce were arranged in Petri dishes with germination paper soaked in the diluted solutions, which were closed and incubated. After a period of 5 days, the germination of the seeds and the length of the roots and radicles of the seeds were verified. It can be seen that electrocoagulation was effective in removing toxicity from the leachate, reaching a LC50 of 46%.

In 2006, Brazil regulated the agricultural use of sewage sludge with the Resolution of the National Environmental Council Conama 375/06. Since then, in Paraná, the state sanitation company has followed the criteria of this Resolution to apply the agricultural use of sludge generated in Sewage Treatment Plants. This case study presents the agricultural use of sewage sludge in the state from 2007 to 2016, with the aim of disseminating the results of one of the few Brazilian states that implemented this as an alternative for final destination of the material. There was an increase for sludge destined for agricultural use until 2011, with a subsequent decrease, although the state has a great potential of agricultural areas for the application of sewage sludge.

The present study aims to evaluate the application of the photo-Fenton process in the treatment of dairy effluent. For this, the experimental design Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to investigate the influence of three design variables of the photo-Fenton process, which are the H2O2 concentration (6000 - 14000 mg L-1); the Fe2+ concentration (150-450 mg L -1), and the pH of the solution (2-4). The COD, turbidity, color and DOC removal rates were the response variables of the treatment process. The COD and DOC removal data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a second-order polynomial model was chosen for the adjustment from the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using STATISTICA® software. From the desirability function available in this software, intervals were determined for each variable independent of the photo-Fenton process which provides the highest rates of COD and DOC removal simultaneously.

Samples of gelatin and glycerol films, gelatin, glycerol and clinoptilolite zeolite films and clinoptilolite zeolite were used as adsorbent for crystal violet dye removal of aqueous solutions. By the results of the pore size distribution and scanning electron microscopy assays of zeolite clinoptilolite, it was possible to verify that this zeolite has potential to be used as adsorbent material for crystal violet dye, due to its structure. By the films swelling experiments, it was noticed that they are susceptible to modifications due to the water absorption. On the other hand, by the morphological evaluation it was not identified the presence of pores, which may justify the low dye removal by the films. Adsorption assays of crystal violet dye in clinoptilolite showed removal of ≈96 %, demonstrating that this material may be used as adsorbent for this dye, while for films, low percentages of removal were observed, ≈12 %, indicating the need for modifications in the formulation or production method of the films, to promote greater adsorption capacity and, consequently, greater removal of the dye studied.

Electrocoagulation shows to be a promising technique to be applied in wastewater treatment. In this work, it was evaluated the influence of the pre-treatment in the septic tank on the efficiency of wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) through the analysis of color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, and temperature. The ECF experiments were carried out in raw effluent samples and pre-treated in septic tank effluent samples. The values of current density applied were 18.05, 22.56, and 27.08 mA.cm-² and the electrolysis time were 5, 10, and 15 minutes. After the ECF treatment, the lowest color and turbidity concentration in the raw effluent were 43.36 UC e 4.4 NTU respectively, at 15 minutes and the current density of 27.08 mA.cm-². In the effluent pre-treated in the septic tank, these values were 71.1 UC and 10.7 NTU, at 10 min and 27.08 mA.cm-². As for the temperature and pH variation in the samples, it was verified an increase in the values with the electrolysis. However, the pre-treatment in a septic tank, with electrolysis time of 5 min was more feasible. At this time, it was observed the lowest value of color (93.7 UC) and turbidity (10.1 NTU) besides to present pH values acceptable by the current legislation (Resolution 430/2011). Thus, the ECF process showed a high efficiency to a short treatment time under low current densities, both in the raw effluent and in the pre-treated effluent, being more feasible the pre-treatment with a septic tank.

Daily the slaughterhouses generate huge liquid effluents volumes. Therefore, it is a challenge environmental adequacy and treatments efficiency. All industrial waste generated needs alternatives to their treatments and proper deposition, attending to current legislation to reach the required standard to be released into hydric bodies. Facing this scenario, the aim of this research was to analyze the stabilization ponds system efficiency used in the effluent treatment of a slaughterhouse freezer on the municipality of São Gabriel – RS. In order to analyze the efficiency were collected input and output effluents of the system. In order to do the physic-chemical analysis were utilized the equipment: Pastel UV – portable spectrophotometer, pH meter, colorimeter, turbidimeter, and oximeter. With the intention of evaluating efficiency was took as reference the resolutions CONAMA 347/2005, 430/2011 and the CONSEMA 128/2006. Due to this study has verified the efficiency on all analyzed parameters. The respectively obtained results were, 88,17%; 86, 29%; 77,15%;

In this work it was done the silver ions adsorption in the commercial clinoptilolite zeolite. It was evaluated the influence of temperature, contact time and AgNO3 solution concentration in the silver ions adsorption in the zeolite. By the X-ray fluorescence results, it is possible to see that this zeolite may be used as an adsorbent material. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that there are no expressive differences in the zeolite structure before and after the Ag+ adsorption. Silver ions adsorption assays show that clinoptilolite zeolite, with cationic exchange capacity of 1.42 mEq NH4+ g-1, may be used as silver ions adsorbent, because it was hit higher removal percentage (92 %) for this ion. The best removal condition was reached with the smaller concentration of AgNO3 solution, at the smaller temperature and the smaller contact time. In this way, concludes that clinoptilolite zeolite presents characteristics that demonstrate it potential to be used as adsorbent of metallic ions from solutions and, maybe, from wastewater.

Caffeine is a licit drug broadly used worldwide, being a part of the composition of drugs, food and beverage. Nowadays, the substance has been detected in aqueous matrices and wastewater, and it is considered a good indicator of anthropogenic contamination. Compounds such as caffeine, named emerging contaminants, are not entirely removed through conventional water treatment; therefore, there is a big interest in studying effective techniques to remove these chemicals from water. The present work aims to study the adsorption of caffeine in batch process, using natural zeolite as adsorbent solid. The experiments allowed evaluating the influence of the main variables in the process, like pH, zeolite concentration and contact time between phases. Better results were obtained under the conditions oh pH 2, time of 4 hours and zeolite concentration of 40 grams per liter, reaching 90% of removal. At last, equilibrium isotherms were constructed at 25ºC (298K), with the comparison between the models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson. The last model described best the equilibrium system. The proposed method presents potential to treat water contaminated with caffeine due to its high percentage of removal.

The axis of sanitary sewage appears to be one of the most problematic of sanitation, since in many municipalities in Brazil the collection and adequate treatment of domestic sewage is nonexistent. This situation is aggravated in smaller municipalities, which face financial and operational difficulties to manage their effluents. On the occasion of the elaboration of 28 Municipal Plans of Basic Sanitation in small municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, this work seeks to demonstrate the importance of an efficient and effective sewage system. Through the collection of information on municipal wastewater management in the urban area of these municipalities, it was possible to evaluate the current scenario and to relate it to the occurrence of several contaminated areas, including of raw water collection areas for human supplies. The main sources of degradation diagnosed by the study are the irregular connections of untreated sanitary sewage in rainwater drainage system, as well as the inadequate disposal of domestic effluents directly into the soil. In order to adopt environmentally suitable technologies that are feasible and compatible with local characteristics, it is proposed that municipalities implant simple alternatives, but that remedy their needs in the short term. Among the possible solutions, the individualized collection and treatment systems in the residence or community stand out, such as the use of septic tanks. Another alternative is the collection of sanitary sewage through the operation of a mixed system, which uses the existing drainage systems.

This work aimed to evaluate the unit configurations of the photo-Fenton (FF), Electro-Coagulation (EC) and Chemical Coagulation (CQ) processes, as well as to present an effective combined method for the treatment of landfill leachate (LAS). The aromatic compounds (λ 254 nm) and color (mg Pt-Co L-1) were monitored as response parameters. The FF process was based on the experimental conditions of pH (2.8), 9000 mg H2O2 L-1 and 100 mg Fe L-1, and the EC process was used crude pH of 7.8 at a continuous current of 3 A. For the QC process, concentrations of Al2SO4 18H2O of 1600, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1 were tested. The FF process combined with the CQ (CQFF) showed satisfactory removal efficiency of λ 254 nm ~60% and 97% of the LAS color. For this, a combined system QCFF is suggested, helping to minimize the environmental impacts caused by LAS disposal.

The sewage treatment index in the Municipality of Serra Gaúcha is 37.06%, (SNIS, 2015), much still to be done, especially in relation to the use of sewage systems already in place and able to receive even greater amount, this does not occur because the user does not connect in the network. According to a study conducted by Instituto Trata Brasil (2015), this phenomenon is common in most Brazilian cities: "If, on the one hand, we have many homes without access to sewage networks, on the other, there is infrastructure available, but for various reasons are not connected to the network. "This paper presents the perception of the employees of the municipal sanitation company regarding the lack of adherence by the user to the sewage network, carried out through exploratory and documentary research, and the application of a questionnaire to those employees. The knowledge and the opinion of the respondents were evaluated, being more cited the lack of information of the user; as a second reason, the user does not want to damage the floor and claims to already pay the tariff, and in the third they have been raised; the lack of stimulation, the value of the connection, the lack of sanctions and still, the user feels free to make the connection

Actions to rationalize water use must be implemented. Alternatives such as the use of rainwater and wastewater reuse are potential in buildings and They are possible ways to rationalize and manage water resources in big cities. The objective is to study the viability of the wastewater reuse system in a multifamily residential building. In the study were considered for the implementation of the system: the design, demand and supply of wastewater, treatment system, generated economy, quantitative and costs of materials and services. The system's investment proved to be economically viable with annual savings of R$ 7,783.64 and return on investment of less than 11 years. The implantation of the system of building has intangible gains with a preservation of the environmental, social, economic resources and a valorization of the building.

The textile industries are potential contributors to the environmental contamination of the water bodies, due to the large volume and complexity of the generated effluents, which favor the inadequate disposal. In this context, there is a need for simple, economical and efficient treatments for these effluents, such as electrocoagulation. This technique associated with an alternative source of energy generation, such as photovoltaic panels, make the process even more efficient and less polluting. Thus, the objective of this work was to remove the Blue 5G Reactive dye from aqueous solution using a continuous flow electrochemical reactor with iron and graphite electrodes, besides analyzing the technical feasibility of the photovoltaic panel application as an energy source and evaluating the stability of the process through Statistical Process Control (SPC). Three different current and electrode application conditions were analyzed using solar radiation data from the UTFPR-MD meteorological station to identify causes of instabilities in the process. The highest removal rates were observed on clear and cloudy days, with iron electrodes being more efficient in treatment. It was possible to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the use of the photovoltaic panel as a partial source of energy, but the meteorological oscillations make it necessary to implement the control of the process using a complementary source of energy, triggered according to the need verified by this one.

Most agroindustries generate waste on a daily basis, which due to the toxicity or volume generated deserves special attention. Current environmental policies require waste to be treated prior to disposal in the wild, thus increasing production costs. The environmental sector looks for ways to make rational use of waste generated. The starch industry extracted from cassava produces a significant amount of waste that can be rationally used, reducing waste and contributing to the production process. The present study aims to value the effluent as a culture medium for the microalgae Chlorella Minutíssima that acts in the bioremediation which makes this effluent discardable in the receiving body (rivers and seas) thus minimizing environmental impacts, and may also comply with the current legislation for discard. In order to evaluate the tolerance of the cell growth in the effluent at different concentrations under natural conditions of temperature and luminosity, we performed operational tests in a low-cost semi-closed bench scale photobioreactor. A chemical physical characterization of the "in natura" and post-treatment effluent was also performed.

The carnauba (copernicia prunifera) is an extractive xerophilic palm, adaptable to high temperatures and dry climates, as well as to environments with clayey soils, flooded during the rainy season and with high salinity, characteristic of the caatinga region, biome prevalence of the northeastern semi-arid region. Everything that comes from carnauba can be harvested, trunk, fruits, leaves, palm hearts, roots and seeds, including for food, crafts, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, ceriferous powder is the most economically important article along with wax. Both are used in the automotive industry, in the manufacture of cosmetics, essential oils and agriculture. In this way, it is possible to perceive that the commerce, of the dust and the wax of carnaúba, becomes important for the economy of the country and producing states. In order to generate profit for families that survive from the vegetal extractives, helping in their subsistence that, together with the aid coming from the social programs of the Federal Government and small activities, they complement the maintenance of their sustenance in the course of the agricultural offspring, that the Brazilian northeast historically concentrates the largest pockets of poverty in the country.

Brazil presents an estimated 3000 species of bees. Among the native species of the Amazon, an ecologically important group are the stingless bees, also known as meliponíneos, that cover more than 400 species (Michener, 2000; Silveira et al., 2002;Camargo & Pedro, 2008). Artificial feeding tests were performed using two hives of the species Melipona seminigra. A hive submitted to artificial feeding (1: 1 syrup in the proportion of water and sugar) and another without artificial feeding, were observed daily for one hour to monitor the consumption of artificial food of substitute of honey in the amount of 40 ml offered in plastic pots from July to October 2017. It can be verified that foraging activities were more intense in September (Average entry = 13.66 bees / day and average exit = 13.54 bees / day), due to the high temperature of the of the year. The consumption of the bees submitted to the test was of 40 ml in their totality of artificial syrup per day and a better performance was observed in the growth of breeding disc with a difference of 360 bees born in the hive with artificial feeding and a greater production of honey with a difference of 14 pots in relation to the control hive. Therefore, this method proved to be efficient for the honey production and could be an alternative for meliponicultores of the Amazon region besides showing the importance of the forest conservation through the pollinating function of the bees, thus contributing to the perpetuation of the biodiversity of the fauna and regional flora.

This scientific article presents a study made in a single family residence aiming to analyze the applicability and the economic viability of a rainwater use system, dimensioned from a comparative between five sizing methods. The rainwater use system has been designed for irrigation, floor and vehicles washing, as well for the discharge of toilets. The results demonstrate that the project is economically viable, however with a long return on investment. Nevertheless, extrapolating the results obtained from the sizing done for this case study, it is possible to verify that if 30% of the population of the municipality in question adopted this type of measure, this would lead to a reduction in potable water consumption of approximately 4 million cubic meters.

Civil construction generates large volumes of waste that are often deposited on slopes of rivers, roads and public places, creating areas of irregular depositions in the municipalities. Improperly disposed waste pollutes the soil, degrades landscapes and threatens public health, furthermore the lack of inspection and public interest contribute to the aggravation of environmental problems. Recycling these wastes reduces the environmental impact, generates employment and income. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic viability of the acquisition of a construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) recycling equipment by a medium-sized construction company The equipment chosen was ANVI 500, that transforms the C&D waste into small aggregate for use in mortar at the construction site. The equipmente becomes viable when the production of waste generated at site construction is high, so the company will have the financial return earlier.

This work presents a study of the economic viability of the application of the process of extraction of grape seed oil by solvent in an industrial scale, aiming at the reuse of wine residues in the Serra Gaúcha. For this, the study of the amount of residues generated and experiments of oil extraction of samples of bordeaux grape were carried out through different extraction processes to select the most profitable process. Based on the selection of the process, the industrial scale costs for the extraction of the grape seed oil, based on the 2017 harvest, were studied and it was concluded that the entrepreneurs of the wine sector of the state of Rio Grande do Sul stop to invoice annually about R$407 million of reais when discarding its waste without using its oil, thus demonstrating the great economic potential in the valuation of waste with consequent environmental gain by reducing the disposal in the environment.

Family farming faces a number of challenges due to the absence of management technology Family farming faces several challenges due to the absence of management technology and a lack of knowledge about marketing dynamics, such as marketing, distribution and logistics channels, as well as strategic planning. These factors, together with the low beneficiation index, are factors that create obstacles, with significant impacts to the competitiveness and the sustainability of these businesses. There are resources destined to the support of these small producers, in order to encourage the commercialization of products, Plan Safra incentive programs, National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF), which are often not solicited or better used. In view of this scenario, the objective of this article is to characterize management practices and actions aimed at the commercialization of products from family farms. For this purpose, a diagnosis was made in the associations of small rural producers located in the South Coast of Bahia, in the following municipalities : Ilhéus, Una, Itabuna, Canavieiras, Santa Luzia, Mascote, Buerarema and Itacaré. It was verified that the management is incipient, there is no defined strategy, the productive units do not have infrastructure, and most importantly, the logistics process is deficient, which implies or even makes the marketing and distribution of the products unfeasible.

The administration maintainable active in the companies has been contributing to his development social, economical and environmental. Longing for alternative to interact with preservation of the environment, the committed companies look for benefits for the society where you are inserted. Assuming to responsabilities of to reduce the impact of their activities and to destine an end for their residues respecting the public politics, the company of the present study, looked for alternatives close to for his residue Federal University of Pará (UFPA), that developed a liquid soap to be used inside of the own industrial unit or any inanimate area through studies and analyses. Five formulations were developed, with to smallest possible variety of addictive, seeking a cost reduction in the acquisition of products

The present work is still being developed in the Residential Building Santa Clara, located at Rua Rio Tarauacá, 65, Conjunto Vieiralves, Nossa Senhora das Graças neighborhood, in the city of Manaus, State of Amazonas. Its objective is to promote the disposal of cooking oil with condominium owners, aiming not only to obtain a profit (bonus) for the condominium, but also to contribute to the preservation of the environment, as well as social and environmental actions. To achieve this, the following measures are being implemented: a) strategic activities based on environmental education directed to the residents / condominiums, such as lectures, distribution of folders, booklets, etc; b) practical guidance to the residents / condominiums about the correct disposal of cooking oil; c) implementation of the use of kitchen oil collectors in the Santa Clara condominium. To meet the proposed objective, environmental education is being used as a strong ally, becoming present and necessary since the individual approach of each resident, as well as in the lectures and distribution of didactic material. The research becomes relevant to the ease with which the collection of used cooking oil can be performed, besides the fact of being a low cost project, which greatly facilitates its implementation in other condominiums in our capital.

This article aims to provide a discussion between the Urban Crisis and Environmental Education, always mediated by legal and legal principles, according to the Brazilian legislation that deals with the environment. The justification for the study is the need to identify possible solutions to current problems regarding inappropriate occupations, from the legal-legislative point of view, which serve as housing for low-income people in the city of Bento Gonçalves / RS. In methodological terms, it is a bibliographical research that will deal with three moments: a historical reminder of the appearance of subnormal clusters; second, it will identify the current legislation to understand the actions applicable to the Municipality of Bento Gonçalves and other competent bodies; Third, it will seek support in Environmental Education in an attempt to interpret the facts and point out possible solutions.

This work is the result of an interdisciplinary pedagogical action between the discipline of Sciences and Arts developed in a public school, with the sixth grade, involving 25 students. It has the purpose of providing to the students during 12 hours/class a workshop of recycling soft drink cans used in school, going on to raise awareness, discussion of concepts involved in recycling and your source of income. For this, we used a documentary to address the importance of recycling, waste produced by society, consumerism and social issues involved. In this way, a quali-quantitative questionnaire was applied for the understanding of recycling in the socioeconomic context and as a source of income. After the workshop that developed the painting and also the production of flowers used as fridge magnets, each student produced 5 fridge magnets to sell in their communities. It was noted that the environmental practice is fundamental to develop in students the humanization, interest and knowledge about recycling and related agents in the process. In addition to providing satisfaction, entertainment, we use the student as a disseminator of information, assisting them in building, in the middle where they live, that sustainability, understanding and environmental education is done through simple practices, requiring ressignification of concepts.

The present study aims at exposing daily actions and attitudes of academics in Environmental and Sanitary Engineering of a University Center in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, demonstrating how the understanding and perception of their choices interferes directly in the quality of life, modifying the equilibrium of the environment, and this problem may be minimized by the practice of sustainable consumption. The methodology used was based on a review of the literature and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to consumption, sustainability and environmental education for academics in the Environmental Engineering classes of the University Center in order to understand how these deal with the issue of sustainable consumption. The results showed that academics experience certain activities that contribute to the minimization of effects on the environment, however there is a lot to be done in the field of environmental awareness and education.

the opportunity for an educational experience, academic mobility, which allows for knowledge through cultural diversity in another city or region. Therefore, the objective of this work is to report the experience during the national academic mobility of short season at the Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, which aimed to know the methodology of solid waste management in schools of basic education through of an environmental education project at UFSC. The activities took place through instructions and accompaniment of the mobility supervisor and the coordinator of the Lixo Zero Project, participation of meetings and project planning, as well as material readings indicated by the guide. In addition, mobility allowed other activities, such as lectures, visit to the landfill, visits to laboratories, as well as made possible the contact with other students who have as their research theme the solid waste, enabling the knowledge of several other works in the area of sanitary and environmental engineering. Therefore, based on our experiences, academic mobility presents itself as a great opportunity to open our academic horizons, since it provides the contact with several researches that are being developed in the scope of sanitary and environmental engineering, as well as methodologies applied in projects of Environmental Education, stimulating the continuation of the academic life and formulation of projects similar to those presented to us.

The objective of this work was to promote the awareness of the students of the Bachelor of Science in Food Technology of the University of State of Rio Grande do Sul - Unit University of the city of Caxias do Sul, in relation to the use of vegetable cooking oil used as an input for making organic soaps, with pH close to neutral, which, because of a lower concentration of caustic soda, causes less damage to pipes, the skin of the manipulators and to the environment. The project also foresees future extension actions in the city of São Marcos and Nova Petrópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, for the reuse of waste oils from restaurants and snack bars.

The environment consists of one of the most discussed issues in the news, one of the biggest problems is to create a new concept for the general public about the new environmental guidelines and sustainable, with a view to the prejudice and resistance to accept what's new. One of the most effective ways to address this problem, is the environmental education, the training of young persons aware and disseminators of ideas. The present study aims to present a plan for environmental education to schools from rural areas of the municipality of Porto Feliz-SP, in the form of illustrated pamphlets to make specific students from six years to 10 years of the initial series of elementary school recognize the problems of your surroundings and learn to solve and relay their knowledge.

The education and the environmental management show an evolution which is reflected by the level of the organization in public offices passing from a context of punctual actions spatially and temporally, for the establishment of non-formal partnerships (networks) and organization of projects and programs. However, there are some failures. Establish guidelines for prognosis, but they don’t establish knowledge in the diagnostic to understand the cultural aspects, ideas, values. That way, the guiding objective of this research is to understand the cultural aspects, ideas, values, potentialities and difficulties of the servers of the city council from their social representations, to the development of strategies in the environmental area. The researches were accomplished in the city council in São Gabriel/RS. To answer the research questions and objectives from this study, it was used conceptual model for the construction of the problematic and, later, of the interviews scripts. The interviews were submitted to content analysis, proposed by Laurence Bardin, guided by the social research method of Marília Cecília Minayo and Antônio Carlo Gil, as a way to understand the representative and symbolic aspects from the social authors by the social representations directed by Serge Moscovici. Eleven interviews were carried out with the members of the House of Councilors. As a result of this study, will be built methodologies which will get easier the development from possible projects in the environmental area covering environmental education, solid waste and social responsibility within the city council.

This research has been developed in ten public schools on Redenção city, Pará state, on the levels 6th to 9th from elementary school. The research goal has been diagnose the students environmental perception in this age, to produce and apply, like sample, paradidactic material to compare the ambiental perception before and after the material. The main theme is the Environment whit reading and playful activities to environmental awareness. To produce this material, a questionnaire with questions about daily practices of environmental behavior has been applied. To verify the environmental perception a “mental map “construction dynamic has been used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas by writing and drawing. The research results has been statistically analyzed.

Composting consists of a natural process in which microorganisms are responsible for the degradation of organic matter. The objective of this work was to propose the composting of organic residues generated in a snack bar and a small restaurant in the city of Caxias do Sul, for the use of this waste in a garden located within a state school in the city. Three questionnaire models were used, which served as a data collection instrument: the first for owners of family establishments, the second for school lunchrooms and the third questionnaire for students in the initial series. The results showed that there is a lack of environmental education for the students and a shortage of information for the food workers. However, most respondents support the idea of a school garden and would help maintain it in some way.

The environmental issue is one of the great challenges of the 21st century THE humanity. Developing the ecological ethics of care is at the same time a challenge at a way to find alternatives to aggression and environmental destruction. The ecological ethics of care need to be cultivated, starting in educational institutions, since there is an opportunity in them to generate develop knowledge about this subject. Above all, through projects, it becomes possible to develop skills, competencies and attitudes that generate values such as the ecological ethics of care. The development of a culture of enviromental care is what is observed in a Higher Education Institution of Manaus, which is committed to working on concepts related to the environment, as well as, it offers experiences and significant environmental experiences that develop in the future professionals the environmental awareness necessary for an effective ecological ethics of care. The research presented in this article with scholars of this IES demonstrates that these objectives are being achieved.

The School Gardens Project is presented to review the contact of the school community with the production of food and other plants. Seeking, in addition to the production itself, that stimulates healthy food, the interaction among components, natural or not, that can influence all life forms. The observation of the patterns of nature, the presence of restrictive factors in the development of the associated plants and ecosystems, the rhythm and life cycle of the different species that develop in the environment of the garden and its surroundings, as well as the questions about the consumption habits and production, form a wide field of work in different areas of knowledge and can be worked by different curricular components in school gardens. With the partnership among the Municipal Secretaries of Environment, Education and Culture and Development of the Municipality of Ivoti and EMATER / ASCAR, it is proposed that the actions be articulated in order to keep the project in the long term. The project started in June 2017 and is already implemented in six of the ten schools that showed interest in the project.

The course of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering bears concern with the preservation of the environment and water resources. Anthropogenic actions have been contributing to the degradation of several water courses. Environmental education can be used to raise awareness among the academic community of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and region, in order to mitigate the degradation of water resources. For these reasons, the discipline of Water Quality Evaluation aims to graduate Sanitary and Environmental Engineers which are capable to evaluate the conditions of watercourses. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present results obtained from physicochemical analyzes at Sanga Lagoão do Ouro on the campus of UFSM, accomplished during the discipline. During the second semester of 2017, five samples were collected in order to determine the solids content, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), alkalinity, acidity, hardness, color, turbidity, conductivity, temperature and pH. Based on the comparison of the results with the Brazilian legislation, Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) nº357 de 2005, the watercourse called Sanga Lagoão do Ouro was classified as Class 4. The discipline of Water Quality Evaluation has proved to be an efficient educational mechanism which prepares students to perform analyses and interpret its results. It also was worn as alert for the academic community, given the poor quality of the watercourse.

The performance of environmental education in the social inclusion of people with special needs enables the learning of environmental problems in a dynamic and flexible way. Thus, this study aimed to develop educational practices aimed at the insertion of environmental education in a teaching institution for people with special needs, for its use as a tool for social inclusion. The topic addressed was the correct management of solid waste through lectures, talk wheels and theoretical and practical activities. Through the development of activities, it was realized that, in fact, environmental education is an extremely important and effective tool, enabling the development and socio-environmental interaction of students.

Presidente Figueiredo is a township that has an exuberant ecosystem and is located in a strategic area between the city of Manaus-AM and Boa Vista-RR, from which one can reach Venezuela. Because its economy based on tourism and a young population of students on elementary school, it is appropriate to use non-formal educational spaces in order to consolidate environmental education. Therefore, research was taken through a trail in a waterfall Cachoeira da Onça, in order to inquire the environmental perception of students from the 6th year of elementary school in a school in the township of Presidente Figueiredo. The results show that most of the students were able to relate the contents to the elements visualized along the way, thus, the educational practices become allied to formal education and therefore, it is suggested that they be extended to other spaces and consolidated as curricular practice.

Environmental education in the indigenous, because it is a specific context, is based on constitutional law based on the Brazilian educational legislation. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect on the part of the Brazilian educational researchers to understand the proper curricular specificity prevalent in the indigenous educational knowledge. The curricular matrix of indigenous school education is based on the curricular matrix in the possibility of an intercultural curriculum as a bridge for environmental education that in fact represents the indigenous community. In this perspective, this paper aims to report the process of historical conception of indigenous environmental education and the curricular conception for the implementation of indigenous school education policy. The methodology used was through a qualitative approach with bibliographical research. The results showed that environmental education needs to be conceived within the indigenous school curriculum through teaching tools and enabling the emancipation of the learner for the environmental educational process.

This work focuses on the inclusion of Environmental Education in the Environmental Management of companies, as a tool for the search for Sustainable Development, discusses the importance of the role of this instrument as a way of collaborating with the development of positions engaged in strengthening the establishment of a sustainable society. It presents a bibliographical investigation about how companies are developing the actions of Environmental Education in the world, and the situation in the State of Pará in this context, addresses legal, historical and methodological aspects of Environmental Education and the Environmental Management System. It presents a deep discussion about the current environmental problems and the unsustainability of the current economic process, with the aim of arousing the interest of all citizens, potentially consumers of natural resources, in all contexts, especially in companies, seeking to promote posture necessary for the preservation and conservation of the environment and dissemination of environmental awareness.

Through environmental education, it is possible to construct society in which responsibility towards the environment arouses not only knowledge, but also, the respect for nature. Any action to modify those practices requires a proper education and a critical attitude towards the challenges of environmental preservation. In this way, the main objective of this study was understand of the obstacles and potentialities of the students in the Escola Técnica São Gabriel from the social representation to the construction of environmental education. In order to answer the research questions and the objectives of this study, it was used a semi-structured script. The analysis of the content was the method used to interpret the interviews, based on the concepts by the following authors: Laurence Bardin. In order to understand were studied on the representative and symbolic aspects of social actor`s concepts of Serge Moscovici. Nine interviews were conducted with high school students at Escola Técnica São Gabriel. The arguments based on the lack of knowledge about the water resources, basic sanitation, besides, diffuse perceptions about water that we consume, destiny of the sewage were some of the characteristics found in the social representations of the students. The final conclusion of this study is that methodologies of environmental education in the school will be architected with emphasis on solid waste and water resources. Thus, this study gathers subsidies of environmental education strategies also contributing to formal and non-formal education efficiently.

As a resoult of fast world population growth in the last decades, changes on the ecosystem are perceived, mostly due to antropic action, and as an example, climate change is cited. In this context, socio natural desasters related to hydric resourses have been ocurring world widely, and have been calling attention of both the society and the government, challenging them to confront them. Based on this scenario, the study thrives to present a study of the engeniring of the Resilience as a new paradigma, which reforces the responsability of the integration of the population, comunity, residents and administrators with the physical territory of the cities, regarding observation, action, prevention and learning of the occurrence of negative extreme events. Along with these, the engeniring of the resilience is retrated as a methodology that involves communities and generates social change, highlighting the lack of actors involved in understanding their vulnerabilities and stablishinig knowledge to a good development of the both the economic recuperatoin and the emergency plans, with the objective of conceiving sustainable communities.

Among the main solid residues generated by human activities are those called urban solid waste (USW), within this group can be found to a greater percentage the organic residues, around to 50% in relation to another’s types of urban solid waste (plastic, glass, paper/paperboard, etc). The USW are able to treatment and/or recycling, for example the composting, which are considered for “Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos”- Law 12.305/2010 the correct way for organic residues treatment. This work present the importance of environmental education like a tool in process of organic residues treatment from the composting, using workshops and lectures about solid waste in the University City José Silveira Netto- UFPA.

This paper aims to describe the experiences in environmental education of the "Ecofar Recebe" and "Você Mais Responsável" Projects, developed with the educational network, companies and institutions of the Farroupilha’s city - RS. The activities were carried out by Ecofar, a sanitation company from Farroupilha, to sensitize and promote changes in waste disposal to reduce environmental impacts. The activities of the "Você Mais Responsável" Project are carried out in schools, institutions and companies in the city, through which information about waste, collection and final disposal. Afterwards, participants can participate in a visit to the Sanitary Landfill, through the "Ecofar Recebe" Project, carried out in two stages: i) monitoring the waste route from the arrival of the truck, to weighing the waste and unloading it in the association of waste pickers. Ecofar; and (ii) follow-up of the entire taster process. The activities were carried out from August 2016 until December 2017 and covered a total of 1200 people. This activities are considered to be in line with the guidelines on environmental education set forth in current legislation, and are of fundamental importance in reducing impacts to the environment.

The workshops of capacitation for solid residue collectors constitutes as a learning strategy for environmental education. The objective of this study is analyzing the effectiveness of multiplier workshops as an instrument to the strengthen of the protagonist role of waste collectors in the process of solid waste management. The study consists of a qualitative research, carried out through workshops with collectors of ten recycling associations in Caxias do Sul/RS and a total of thirty waste collectors about topics related to the work activity of these professionals. The multipliers were able to facilitate the knowledge learned in the workshops for the other collectors in the associations with interaction and involvement of the majority of the participating workers.

The municipalities of Caetité and Lagoa Real, located in the state of Bahia, contain the only uranium mine in operation in Brazil. This mine has an estimated reserve of 100,000 tons of uranium. Uranium can be used, for example, in agriculture, medicine and weapons manufacturing. However, the generation of nuclear energy is the major commercial interest. Despite the diverse applications, the uranium, a radioactive ore, can cause radioactive contamination, generating negative environmental impacts on the environment and on the population. In spite of the relevance of the theme, the residents of Caetité live in a context of insecurity and unfamiliarity with the subject. Therefore, it is intended to present environmental education as a transformative instrument for the democratization of information related to uranium.

The umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa) originates from large parts of the Northeast region. The collection of these fruits is a cultural activity passed down from generation to generation, which complements the income of several families living in the Northeast, so it is essential that future generations understand the occupation of their parents by valuing the work and constituents essential for the its accomplishment. In this project the umbu was presented as a product of the extractive activity and its highlights. The present study sought first to investigate the regional dietary habits, as well as the nutritional status of children in the municipal education system of the city of Brumado in southwestern Bahia. After the identification of the reality, it was applied to the food education to the students by means of playful didactics, in order to improve the quality of the nutritional life of the students. The project had its objectives achieved in an educational, playful and efficient manner, since the students of the school were able to deepen their knowledge about a fruit so popular within their family life and understood not only its economic importance, but also nutritional.

The present society finds itself in disharmony regarding the available natural resources, because it is clear the uncontrollable use and lack of consciousness about environmental issues. In this context, environmental education comes up as a fundamental tool about conversation of our natural resources. Thus, this work seeks to integrate teaching, research and extension, as the fellows, students of the UFSM Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Course, belonging to the program PROEXT “Proposta de Revitalização da Vila Caiçara”, performed analysis in water samples in Arroio Hermes and its polluting sources, in order to use them as an instrument to carry out environmental education activities with 1° to 9º year school students situated in Vila Caiçara. In this way the objectives of the activities developed were to make students aware of the rational use of water in their homes. In this way the objectives of the activities developed were to make students aware of the rational use of water in their homes; as well as the reflection on the fate of the sewage generated in their residences and the relation of the same with the quality conditions of the stream; and the importance of urban drainage. The results of the activities were satisfactory, since it was possible to observe the gradual and significant learning during the activities developed inside and outside the classroom. It is known that students have learned more than concepts but values, which will be brought to life and can be disseminated in their families and the community where they live.

The Federal Constitution of 1988 in its article 225, reports that the State must “promote Environmental Education at all levels of education and a public awareness for environmental preservation”, that demonstrate that all Brazilian citizens must have access to environmental education. The main goal of this paper is to complement the environmental education regarding water resources, which is known as the project “Caminho das Águas” (Water Path) at elementary schools in Caxias do Sul, by developing a board game as a didactic tool for students in the 5th to 9th grade, and to initial grades, from the 1st to the 4th grade, drawing related to the theme to improve knowledge about the subject. The board game has 45 spaces, starting at the source of water supply and ending at the stream. Regarding the drawings, a drawing exhibition has been proposed. Finally, it is possible to observe that environmental education of society lacks instruments and tools that motivate all ages for awareness.

This study had as a proposal to make a bibliographical and conceptual approach on environmental education and its importance in the life of the social actors who live with the Conservation Units (UC) aiming at the preservation and environmental conservation of the same. The objective of this project was to contribute to the dissemination of environmental education actions that take place within the National Forest (FLONA) of Tapirapé-Aquiri, created by Decree No. 97.720 of May 05, 1989, located in the State of Pará, estimated at 190,000 ha. It is a Sustainable Use Conservation Unit and has critical environmental education actions that occur during the visits inside the CU by the society that is part of the Community Goes to the Forest Program. These visits are carried out by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) through the volunteer program and its main objective is to raise a critical eye on the actions that take place inside the unit, such as copper exploration.

The study of environmental perception is important because the behavior of people is based on the interpretation they make of reality itself, in addition, it serves as a tool for planning in Environmental Education. In view of this context, the present study had as objective to know the environmental perception of the elementary school students of the Municipal School Afro-Amazônida of the quilombola community Murumuru, located 47 km from the municipality of Santarém, West of Pará. and the fifth year of elementary school, the questionnaire was composed of eight semi-structured questions. The results obtained through the questionnaire allowed to verify the students' understanding of the concepts of environment 77% (20) of respondents knew how to respond and 23% (6) did not know how to respond, what are environmental problems 73% 27% (7) did not respond, participants were questioned who they considered the cause of environmental problems and 58% (16) blamed the man as a source of environmental damage while 42% (10) did not know how to respond. During the research it was noticed that the students have their own definitions of environment and this understanding is related to the space where they live and the need for pedagogical projects that raise critical-reflexive notions from the perspective of environmental education in and out of school.

Chemical and physical parameters are the most relevant part of the water quality analysis. This article aims to analyse parameters such as turbidity, color, pH, electric conductivity, solids, temperature and acidity. In order to practice what was learned so far in the course, this article remains to subjects discussed with the lecturer during the Water Quality Testing course in University of Santa Maria. Considering the resolution CONAMA nº 357 complemented by resolution 410/2009 and 430/2011 and by Federal Law nº 9.433, which established the National Water Resources Policy, this study qualifies according to the water body classification and its multiple uses.

This paper presents the report of an environmental education workshop with the theme of marine debris carried out in a quilombo in the municipality of Triunfo (RS) in February 2017. For this purpose, debris collected on the beaches of Imbé, Tramandaí, and Cidreira (RS) from June to November 2016, composed mainly by packages that had their descriptions in languages ​​of different parts of the world. We classify this material as "Foreign Debris" because we understand that due to the various idioms ​​and origins they arouse public interest and can serve as a basis to start the debate on the emerging environmental problem that is the pollution of beaches and oceans by vast amounts of solid debris. The action presented here consisted of an act of non-formal education, in which 34 people of different ages and backgrounds take part. To meet the various levels of learning of the group we organized a didactic strategy with some activities, which had positive feedback from the team that showed an interest in the action through active participation. Key words: Environmental education. Non-formal education. Marine Trash.

This paper presents the results of a didactic sequence with an emphasis on scientific and environmental education involving high school students with a motivating theme to the issue of medical waste disposal. The work was based on learning according to Paulo Freire, which proposes the idea that the student assimilates the object of study making use of a practice involving the reality in order to develop the autonomy of students through experience, Transforming it into thoughts and thus promoting learning. The didactic sequence comprised a set of activities sorted, structured and articulated with a focus on learning. The results suggest that this is a facilitating resource for an interdisciplinary approach to education, with great potential in the formation of scientifically and technologically aware and literate citizens in the subject of the reverse logistics for medical waste and the environmental impacts associated with the improper disposal of its. The activities proposed and the involvement, interaction and participation of the students collaborated not only for the construction of learning, but also for the development of skills in dealing with the issue of medical waste and the citizen's responsibility to promote reverse logistics, broadening environmental perception and raising awareness of environmental problems, setting up as a practice that also meets the assumptions of environmental education.

Aquarism, besides a leisure activity, is a strategy of teaching and researching with great potential. In front of the aquarium challenge in school, the student plays an active role in learning, becoming responsible for its balance and for the maintenance of the life present in this. Aquarism is a facilitating tool for meaningful learning, propitiating the construction of new concepts and re-signification of others. Based on the relevance of aquarism as a teaching strategy, the Museum of Natural Sciences of the University of Caxias do Sul (MUCS) has instituted the project "The Museum of Natural Sciences goes to School". The Project, started in 2013, has already been applied in four public schools in the city of Caxias do Sul/RS, Brazil. The practice of aquarism, integrating Museum and School, includes the monitored visitation to the UCS Aquarium, the assembly and maintenance of one aquarium in each school, advisory and monitoring of these activities at schools and other dynamics activities. It was observed, in all the experiences developed with the schools, the interest and the participation of the students and teachers of active form and surrounded in the solution of problems and challenges offered by the practice. The most relevant aspects that contribute to the learning are the importance of balancing the physical-chemical and biological parameters of aquatic ecosystems by an analogy with an artificial ecosystem. This pedagogical proposal integrating Museum and School, allows awakening to environmental awareness about water resources and the importance of their preservation

This paper presents the results of a didactic sequence with an emphasis on scientific and environmental education involving high school students with a motivating theme to the issue of medical waste disposal. The work was based on learning according to Paulo Freire, which proposes the idea that the student assimilates the object of study making use of a practice involving the reality in order to develop the autonomy of students through experience, Transforming it into thoughts and thus promoting learning. The didactic sequence comprised a set of activities sorted, structured and articulated with a focus on learning. The results suggest that this is a facilitating resource for an interdisciplinary approach to education, with great potential in the formation of scientifically and technologically aware and literate citizens in the subject of the reverse logistics for medical waste and the environmental impacts associated with the improper disposal of its. The activities proposed and the involvement, interaction and participation of the students collaborated not only for the construction of learning, but also for the development of skills in dealing with the issue of medical waste and the citizen's responsibility to promote reverse logistics, broadening environmental perception and raising awareness of environmental problems, setting up as a practice that also meets the assumptions of environmental education.

Growing concern about the future of fossil fuels and increasing levels of pollution have intensified the search for environmentally friendly alternatives. So-called biofuels, produced with renewable and less polluting sources than petroleum products, currently have a lot of space in the world's energy scenario, Brazil being the second largest producer of bioethanol in the world and the fourth in biodiesel production. Added to this, another environmental problem is poor waste disposal, such as kitchen oil residue. Usually, the oil is erroneously released as effluent, which, in addition to clogging pipes, leads to the contamination of water bodies. As a solution to these two problems, biodiesel produced through the used oil transesterification presents itself as a viable solution in terms of social, economic and environmental advantages.

In this work the synthesis of graphene oxide from commercial graphite is presented, besides its application in the storage of energy by capacitive devices was evaluated. The synthesis of graphene oxide was carried out by the modified Hummers method. The graphene oxide was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed the effectiveness of the method used to obtain graphene oxide. Subsequently, graphene oxide was tested on flat plate capacitors with aluminum and titanium electrodes and 1M H2SO4 acid electrolyte. In both electrodes, graphene oxide presented accumulation of electric charge, that is, capacitive effect. The capacitors were also tested as a function of the charge storage time and also showed a capacitive effect, mainly for the titanium electrode.

The energy issue is presently in focus worldwide. This work describes the application of modeling, control, and artificial intelligence to improve energy efficiency in pump systems. This Artificial Intelligence approach can be applied to industrial systems in order to reduce the energy consumption. Among the contributions of this work is investigate the problem of emissions of greenhouse gases (particularly carbon dioxide) derived from thermoelectric generation in Brazil. For this, was projected the simplex optimization model as a way to determine the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that is found from the optimization of the order of plants. For this, we used data from the decennial program of power sector expansion and compared the scenarios under study regarding the optimization of emissions and total cost of power generation.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the installation process of wind energy in Southern Brazil, as well as the evaluation factors of the transmission and distribution system of wind energy produced in the country. To attend the goal, it was made a documental analysis having as reference the case of the Osorio’s city wind farm at Rio Grande do Sul state. The results of the analysis of the documents allow to consider that with the increase in the installation of wind farms in Brazil and specifically at South region, has grown the demand for the improvement and greater capacity of integration to the Brazilian Electric System and it means that there is a decentralized system of production and distribution of electricity.

Torrefaction is considered a method of pre-treatment of biomass that aims to improve its physicochemical characteristics. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of the different products generated in the process of wood torrefaction (solid and gases) in a pilot scale vibrational electric reactor (TEV), to develop a process capable of produce biomass powder with high energy density. The torrefaction reactions were performed at temperatures of 220, 250 and 280 ºC, with a residence time of 30 min in the TEV reactor. According to the proximate analysis of the solid product, an increase in the torrefaction temperature led to an increase in the fixed carbon content and a significant reduction in the volatile matter content. Also, according to the ultimate analysis, the increase in temperature promoted a decrease in the contents of hydrogen and oxygen and an increase in the carbon content. Changes in concentrations occurred due to the loss of moisture and other volatile compounds from hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. As a result, it was observed an increase in the energy density of torrefected wood in comparison to the untreated wood. The gas produced in higher concentrations for all torrefaction temperatures was the CO2, with a significant increase in its concentration by increasing temperature, from 6.7 up to 54.3% mol/mol.

Although Brazil has a diversified and predominantly renewable energy matrix, domestic energy consumption has grown very gradually based on the use of non-renewable sources. This increase causes increasing costs in energy generation and increased concern about environmental issues. The industrial, residential and commercial sectors are mainly responsible for energy consumption. The public sphere accounts for about 8% of total consumption in the country and lighting and refrigeration systems are the most prominent among consumers. In this context, it is important to use together standards, new technologies and conservation measures that provide greater energy savings. The objective of this work is to carry out an energy efficiency study in Área II / CCEN of the Federal University of Pernambuco. The lighting and cooling areas will be addressed through projects based on energy efficiency and the use of more efficient and economical technologies. The results will evaluate the positive impacts of the economy on the university's energy project and the reduction of CO2 emissions.

The hydraulic potential available in a building hydraulic system can be used for microgeneration of energy. This energy would normally be dissipated through pressure reducing valves or water reservoirs. The objective of this paper was to study the viability of electric energy microgeneration from the building hydraulic system in a residential building with 106 meters of height in 27 floors. The microgeneration points and the type of generator were defined for each situation. The present study may possible to affirm that it is possible the electric energy microgeneration with the building hydraulic potential. This case study was possible to generate almost 195 kWh per month. The value generated is not expressive, but it is possible that soon, projects in this segment are implemented or even indispensable.

The search for renewable and clean sources is increasing every day in order to control the environmental problems caused by greenhouse gases (GHG). Biomass is one of the largest sources of energy available in rural areas and carries with it a fuel capable of mitigating various environmental problems, biogas. The generation of biogas brings to the producers a renewable energy option, contributing with the expenses of electric energy, besides providing a clean energy. The municipality of Alegrete, located in Rio Grande do Sul, has a high rate of animal waste, which can be used to generate biogas. Thus, we collected data from this region related to the subject for later, which served as a basis for estimating the concentration of biogas that can be generated from animal waste. The results indicated there is a strong potential of the municipality for the generation of biogas. However, it is vital to invest in structures for energy processing.

Hydrogen is a clean, renewable form of energy that emerges as an alternative to diversifying the energy matrix. Its obtaining through the anaerobic fermentation can be by microbial consortia or pure cultures of diverse microorganisms, using distinct commercial substrates and industrial residues. The use of the glucose substrate allows to know the potential of hydrogen production by these microorganisms. This work aims to compare the production of hydrogen by microbial consortium obtained from granular sludge and pure cultures Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterococcus faecalis in glucose medium. The assays were carried out in 60 mL flasks, in triplicate, containing 30 mL of glucose medium and 0.25 g of microbial consortium inoculum after heat treatment (90 ° C -10 min) and a volume equivalent to 1 O.D. (optical density) for each pure culture. The weights were maintained in orbital agitation at 37 ° C for 48 hours. The highest hydrogen production was obtained by the consortium (107.06 mmol H2, L-1), with the pure cultures, the hydrogen production was reduced, being 5.81 mmol H2. L-1 for B. cereus, 3.82 mmol H2. L-1 for E. aerogenes and 0.57 mmol H2. L-1 for E. faecalis. The highest consumption of substrate glucose was 68.10% by the microbial consortium and the lowest consumption was 0.35% by the microorganism E. faecalis. The results showed that in the medium with glucose, the isolated microorganisms had their potential of reduced hydrogen production, while the consortium had a better performance in this same culture medium

Considering the impacts generated by the use of polluting and non-renewable energy sources and the high incidence of daily solar on Earth, the objective is to present an overview on the use of photovoltaic systems as an alternative source of energy in Brazil and worldwide, through a literature review. It was verified that the use of this type of energy is growing around the world, but it is still incipient in Brazil, despite the highly favorable conditions that the country holds for its use. It is concluded that the generation of electric energy through solar energy is feasible, with great potential for expansion in the future holding a strategic importance in Brazil.

In order to supply the growing world demand of energy and relieve the global warming, biomass is considered a potential clean energy source. In this work, the thermochemical conversion of the elephant grass, through CO2 gasification, for the production of a combustible gas was evaluated. The gasification experiment was conducted at the temperature of 900 °C for 90 min under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. CO presented a maximum production rate of 2.25 mmol/min.gbiomass and a maximum concentration of 82 %mol/mol. The fuel gas produced had an average high heating value of 8.5 MJ/Nm³. Considerable hydrogen production rates were observed throughout the experiment. The experiment had an energy yield of 28.4 kJ/gbiomassa. The results showed that CO2 gasification of elephant grass has the potential to produce a combustible gas allowing the reduction of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

The industry is responsible for more than one third of the country’s energy consumption. While it also has the highest potential and interest in energy conservation because of market competitivity. Driving forces are responsible for the greatest amount of consuming of big industries. That is the reason this final course assignment has the purpose to study the energetic efficiency in the industrial exhaust system, analysis of electrical energy consumption for two different types of flow control. So, a study case was simulated, comparing the costs between the two flow control systems and allowing an economic analysis of viability of changing the two controllers, exploring, of course, the monthly expenses at the range of pricing structures that an industry can own, the return on investment and the reduction of CO2 emissions associated to the energy consumption. The entire work was enabled because of the use of an exhaust system with the purpose to run simulations for studies of efficiency of the type of system described.

The current legislation and the determinations of the National Electric Energy Agency (NEEA) define that electricity distribution concessionaires must invest 0.5% of their annual net revenue in energy efficiency projects with the objective of reducing the consumption of electric energy of its residential, low income, commercial, rural, public and industrial consumers. In view of the above, this article aimed to analyze the distribution of the Energy Efficiency Program according to the consumption of electric energy in the national context. Following the exploratory research and adopting as method of data collection, the documentary analysis. As results, it was verified that the residential and industrial classes correspond together to the greater consumption of electric energy of the country. However, electricity distribution concessionaires have been applying the financial resources of the Energy Efficiency Program, mostly in projects aimed at the low income public and in the public sectors. It is clear that there is no well defined priority line and that other classes of consumption should benefit more from energy efficiency projects.

The high cost of energy production, coupled with the advantages of wind power as renewable ,has led several countries to establish to wind power generation. This work proposes the implementation and comparison of two time series analysis methods: Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) and a PAA plus quantile regression process(PAA/QR). The aim is to estimate the minimum amount of extreme cut-in and cut-out events of the wind speed in the power generation process. Brazil has an enormous wind power potential. The diversification of its energy matrix is becoming a necessary challenge nowadays in the commitment of using renewable energy sources. The performance of the two PAA based proposals is tested for to the wind farms of the south and northeast regions. The results indicate that the PAA/QR method performed better than the PAA method because it identified a greater amount of extreme values.

The use of alternatives to diversify energy sources and, consequently, reduce dependence on fossil fuel consumption can be vital to creating new economic opportunities and to controlling environmental pollution. Biogas appears as a solution to an environmental problem focused on the generation of waste and contribute to the energy sector, controlling this dependence, under penalty of exhaustion of the capitalist system. On a global level, the cyclization and recovery of organic waste energy becomes attractive given the fact of its ability to foster the development and possible sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises. It was proposed to use wine residues not only as a form of treatment but also aiming to producing electricity for expectation and energy transport system. It was possible to estimate a biogas production through data present in the literature, and from the sizing of the electric power generation potential.

Electricity is an extremely important resource for human life, but the most used means to obtain it, end up harming the environment such as the construction of hydroelectric plants, for example. Due to the increasing demand for energy with population growth, this problem tends to increase, because the greater the need the more constructions will be necessary, bringing with it impacts to the local ecosystem. Consequently, there is a need to carry out studies and development of new means of energy capture that provide less impact to the environment. With this, there are economically viable and socio-environmental solutions that can be implemented, such as the photovoltaic solar energy capture system, which, in addition to not causing damage to the environment, generates clean energy and is an economically viable process. With the implementation of the photovoltaic solar energy capture system in a residence, this work aims to analyze the economic viability of the system installation, raising costs and consumption rates, comparing with the conventional energy system, granted by the concessionaire, in a single family residence located in the city of Passo Fundo - RS.

The use of waste oils for the production of biodiesel, among them chicken oil, makes the process economically viable due to the low cost of this raw material. Among the disadvantages it is the oil quality, which generally presents high humidity content, which can deactivate catalysts and cause hydrolysis of the reaction, reducing the conversion to esters. This study proposed a complete planning for the adsorption of humidity of chicken oil with bentonite clay, evaluating the variables adsorbent mass and agitation speed in three different levels. For this, the characterization of the adsorbent was first carried out to determine properties as the surface area, important for the adsorption process. Afterwards, the oleaginous raw material was characterized to evaluate the quality, and the treatment by adsorption was carried out. The best results of adsorbed humidity content were found in the lowest levels of the evaluated variables, reaching removals of 67.3 1 água ads mg g , corresponding to a reduction of 73,2 %. All the evaluated variables influenced the adsorption process and the generated model was representative of the adsorption of humidity by the clay.

Biomass is considered a viable alternative for diversifying the energy matrix and its main advantages as fuel include low sulfur levels and a quality standardization of the final product, which contributes to reduce the environmental impact. For an efficient use of biomass, its physical-chemical properties must be determined, mainly if this residue shall be used in conversion processes for energy generation. This research evaluated the energy potential of different biomass residues by means of thermogravimetry, using proximate analysis as a comparison standard. Furthermore, a calculation of the high heating value was carried out from the proximate analysis results in order to identify the fuel potential of each biomass. Six solid residues were selected for this research: sugar cane, pine-fruit shell, grape skin, wheat bran, wood sawdust and apple bagasse. Grape skin biomass presented the highest volatile content (78.6%) and the lowest fixed carbon content (11.9%). Whereas pine-fruit shell presented the lowest volatile content (65.4%) and the highest fixed carbon content (25.4%), also presenting the highest heating value of up to 20.2 MJ kg-1, showing its fuel potential.

The growth of urban centers boosted by economic opportunities has made rural production, especially horticultural products, more complex and burdensome. In this context, the present work had as objective to identify the increase in the biogas production potential in a semi-continuous flow reactor from the co-digestion of the organic fraction of fruit and vegetable residues with residues from the university restaurant. During the study the variation in the ratio of the intermediate and partial alkalinity, inferiority in the pH values and average removal of total volatile solids of 84% occurred. However, the biogas production was higher when the proportion of the substrates was the same, which indicates the efficiency of the organic matter degrading within the reactor.

Due to the increasing demand for energy in the world, alternatives to replace fossil energy sources are becoming increasingly searched. With that, one of the ways to produce energy by residual biomass generated in the production system of swine. The development of intensive swine culture promoted the production of large amounts of residual biomass, when inappropriately handled, become a major source of pollution of the environment. So, the waste management should be seen as an integral part of the production system of swine, and must be included in the planning of this activity. For this, it was quantified the volume of biogas produced in biodigesters of small, medium and large swine farms to generate their own electricity. The large swine farms produce 101 kW per month, which represents more than half of the energy consumed in a residence.

This work presents the estimates and measurements for solar radiation incident on a photovoltaic module for inclination angles related to solstices and equinoxes, as well as the development of a support with variable inclination angle for photovoltaic modules without the use of electric energy. The objective of this work was the study and analyzes of the yield capture of the solar radiation, through a support that allows the variation of the inclination of the photovoltaic panel with the seasons of the year. For the development of the system, comparisons of solar radiation measurements between a variable slope structures versus a fixed system were carried out using theoretical data. A prototype project of variable angle tilt support for a photovoltaic panel has been developed, making it possible to regulate its inclination, in relation to horizontal, so that the module is perpendicular to the incidence of the solar radiation beam.

This work presents a study of technical and economic viability of using solar energy for heating water for a wire rod treating bath in one steel mill when compared to the use of electric energy. Contains the design of a system of 35 sets of evacuated solar collectors, with 84 m2 of absorption area besides the necessary thermic tank, pipes and accessories. The economic evaluation resulted in a return rate of 14,7% when considering 10 years of operation.

The shortage of natural resources, the increase in the demand for electric energy use and the search for sustainability encourages the research for solutions for energy generation. This study aims the availability of energy microgeneration using differences in piezometric quotas viable to generate electricity. This study has two points with potential geometric difference for the research, using Pelton turbine the system with a flow of 0.033 m³/s shows the potential to generate 27.88 kW. Reversing in currency, It was R$ 9,237.60 per month. The cost of systems was almost 200 million of Real and the investment return will be in 27 months. The study showed a possible sustainable energy option with satisfactory financial and technical results.

Marine, coastal and continental fisheries are an important source of income, work and food. However, waste generated during fish processing may account for more than 50% of the raw material used. The pyrolysis process is an alternative for the production of value-added products, including a carbon rich char that can be used as an adsorbent. In the present work, pyrolysis experiments of mulch scale residues were carried out to determine the product yield (char/oil/non-condensable gas), as well as the properties evaluation of the products generated during the process. The results showed that char and non-condensable gas were the products of higher yield (43.14 and 46.64%, respectively). The predominant compound in the gas phase was Hydrogen (H2). Hydantoin is the main constituent of the liquid fraction (oil) obtained. The char produced had a specific surface area of 94.51 m2/g, indicating its potential as an adsorbent.

The demand for energy also presents great challenges for a Brazilian society, both in the periphery of large urban centers and in developed versions. Therefore, the planning and regulation of the energy supply should go in search of forms of energy supply compatible with the energy potential and the national and regional socioeconomic needs. Therefore, it is necessary that each energy resource is strategically studied and harnessed, aiming at maximizing the benefits provided, promoting economic development, and minimizing negative impacts on the environment and society. For micro-regions, such as the Bacia do Rio Turvo, this development is of great importance, also of a macro-regional scope, in addition to that the demand for electric energy is increasing in these regions. This work presents a study about the feasibility of implementing a new Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHP) in the Esperança do Sul Axis, which is available for this purpose. The study encompasses several surveys related to the projects destined to the energetic use by means of hydroelectricity.

The South Atlantic Convergence Zone represents an important typical summer meteorological system which is characterized as a nearly stationary nebula band that causes high rainfall indices. However, there are no studies that show how the ZCAS activity is associated with the energy potential that can be produced in the basins where this system operates. In this way, this present work aims to determine a relation of the SACZ with a natural affluent energy of the subsystems (ENAS) in the southeastern region of the country. The results obtained through the annual averages of ENAS in MW indicate that there is an intimate relationship between frequency and persistence of the SACZ with a natural energy affluent of the hydrographic basins studied.

This work analyzed the degree of energy concentration of the Brazilian cement industry from 1970 to 2013. The data used were obtained in the National Energy Balance (BEN). Concentration measures were determined using the concentration ratios [CR(k)], Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Theil Entropy Index (E), and Gini Index (G). The conclusions were that the cement sector presented two very important sources for its development, the fuel oil until 1980 and from 1999, petroleum coke, became the main energy source of this type of industry and made the concentration around him. Indicators indicate high concentration in all periods. The CR(k) showed that it is concentrated in two energetic sources; HHI was highly concentrated; E showed a high concentration; and G showed a mean to strong inequality with a mean of 0.60 for the entire period studied.

Given the high demand for fossil fuels, reservoirs around the world have been decreasing, thus a sustainable vision has emerged from society. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize blends of biodiesel and thermo-degraded biodiesel. The blends were prepared in different concentrations with the aid of a magnetic stirrer and the thermos-degradated biodiesel with the Rancimat equipment, later analyzed in the viscometer and infrared spectrophotometer (FITR). According to the increase of biodiesel (BT-0h / B100) in the samples the dynamic viscosity tended to increase, this increase of biodiesel suggests degradation in the samples. However, the longer the BT-0h / B100 sample was thermo-degraded, the higher the fuel quality loss, and the FTIR technique confirmed that there were significant changes in the 1742 cm-1 band. In order for biodiesel to not lose its characteristics and consequently its quality, a correct packaging is important. It was also noted the possibility of increasing biodiesel concentration in diesel, without compromising its physico-chemical characteristics.

Hybrid systems consist of two or more electricity generating sources, usually one or more conventional sources and one or more renewable sources, and aim to promote fuel economy and obtain a reliable source of energy supply, whether or not connected to the grid distribution. This work aims to evaluate through the HOMER software the environmental feasibility of implementing a hybrid electricity generation system. This system consists of biogas generator, biodiesel generator and solar energy capture. The whole system is located in the municipality of Serafina Corrêa where there is a high concentration of swine farmers who, through the treatment of pig waste, could lead to the production of biogas to be used as fuel for electricity generation. The optimum configuration of the hybrid system structure where the maximum reduction of CO2, H2S and NOx emissions occurs is composed of electric generation from 330 kW photovoltaic panels, 55 kW biogas generator and 275 kW inverter. In this scenario, the system is able to reduce CO2 emission by 291,474 kg/year, in addition to the reduction in H2S emission of about 1,920 kg/year, and NOx emissions are reduced by 560 kg/year.

Starting from the Amazon context the production of knowledge is seen its use in the productive processes focused on the exploitation of natural resources; economic activities and their main environmental impacts in the North of Brazil. The prevention of these impacts are subject to legal requirements, and the scientific production of the Museum Goeldi serves as a scientific basis that can make the production process feasible at acceptable environmental levels. Through the environmental diagnosis essential to the study of environmental impact, environmental licensing, Program and Environmental Management System of the enterprise. The partnership between the Science and Technology Institution and the private sector serves mutual interests - on the other hand private financing complements the insufficient public resources necessary for Museum Goeldi to be a leading institution in the production of knowledge about and in the Amazon; when producing knowledge assists the private sector in the adaptation of enterprises to acceptable environmental standards.

The purpose of this work was to elaborate flow charts and analyze the waste generated in a bakery in the city of São Marcos and another in the city of Nova Petrópolis, Rio Grande do Sul. This choice is due to the fact that they are different models of bakery. One focused on receiving a production of packaged and frozen bread that will be roasted according to the demand (Nova Petrópolis) and another one that produces in the own establishment (São Marcos). The methodology was organized in field work to analyze the two bakeries and identify the main residues generated, as well as verify their destination, and later, actions were proposed to improve their environmental efficiency. The waste generated is very similar in the two bakeries, but different in quantity. We conclude this work, noting that the teams of the two bakeries recognize the need for a solid waste management project. In addition to personalized training courses and good practices.

This work aimed to analyze the procedures adopted at a fuel station, interaction with the environment, operation, and verification of the destination of the generated waste. As well as suggesting solid and liquid waste management practices. The present study was carried out at a fuel supply station located in the city of Flores da Cunha. The results show that the generated wastes are: toxic vapors, toxic sludge, contaminated tows, contaminated oil filters, lubricant packaging’s, liquid effluents, and others generated through the convenience store integrated into the service. It can also be observed that these residues are practically eliminated in their entirety in the correct way, through waste management, performing their treatment or return, when possible, to the manufacturer for recycling.

Companies and sustainable products are increasingly sought by society, which also extends to restaurants, which must adapt their work processes in order to minimize the environmental impact. The aim of this study was to identify the actions related to the care of the environment of a restaurant, located in Canoas/RS, and propose an environmental management model for it. The methodology used was the qualitative research, from site visit and conversation with the owners. The actions already carried out refer to the destination of used oil and bones, fat box cleaning and separation of recyclable waste. Environmental education actions were proposed, as well as the separation and correct allocation of all waste generated, reducing electricity and water, partnering with local producers, disseminating actions and seeking certifications. Although homeowners are concerned about environmental issues, structural adaptations and the production chain are needed to reduce environmental damage. In this way, the proposed activities must be put into practice by all involved, adapting to the needs of the enterprise, so that they can become effective actions in the work routine.

The word "Ethics" has assumed conceptual boundaries that have gone beyond the philosophical scope, increasing their meaning and generating, in today's companies, a need for adequacy called "compliance". Intending to investigate the perception of the socio-environmental bias in the contemporary mass television services companies in the city of Manaus, the work set out to carry out a qualitative and quantitative research, with non-parametric study and method and with answers from managers, trying to assess concepts that consolidate the concept of "socio-environmental governance" in strategies. The overall result showed that the level of ignorance about socio-environmental development in business strategy. There is a personal concern of all in the alignment to the socio-environmental theme, even without clear incentives and policies. Positive signs for sustainable development were evidenced by a research company that finds itself in the embryonic but promising stage of development.

The present work aims at displaying the overall scenario for the application of ISO 14001: 2004 and ISO 14001: 2015 in the north of Brazil, in order to present important information about the environmental certification process that Northern companies have undergone. Certification in accordance with ISO 14001: 2004/2015, nowadays, is an indispensable requirement for organizations that aim to reach the international market. However, it was observed that the North Region presents a low percentage of certification, although in states like Pará and, mainly, Amazonas, with Manaus Free Zone, have large companies, multinationals and exporters. Also noted that states of Amapá, Roraima and Rondônia are the only ones in Brazil, that do not have any certified company and even if the period of three years for the transition from ISO 14001: 2004 to ISO 14001: 2015 is ending, no company in the north of the country made a transition.

The growing generation of residues in Brazil and its inadequate disposition has caused serious problems in the current scenario, residues which are mostly composed of organic matter. Organic waste has been the source for environmentally correct and economical alternatives to take advantage of the full potential of these wastes in the form of biofertilizers. The objective of this work was to identify the influence of the effluent generated by the anaerobic digestion in the production of seedlings of Dry Cress (Lepidium sativum). Electrical conductivity, pH, macronutrients and phytotoxicity tests were performed. The values found for phosphorus and potassium were higher than necessary, a factor that indicates a possible negative effect on the development of plants. Regarding nitrogen, the amount found was close to that considered as reference of the need of this nutrient for the plants. Thus, the use of the effluent generated by the anaerobic digestion of plant residues in the production of Dry Watercress (L. sativum) has the potential to be used as a biofertilizer, provided that its characterization is done, mainly in relation to the amount of macronutrients.

In recent years there has been increasing pressure on companies in relation to sustainability, this is due to the growing environmental awareness of society. In this way, the business world began to adopt behaviors that make the interaction between environmental components as a marketing tool and strategic planning. The use of an Environmental Management System (EMS) as a tool for business adaptation and improvement has gained increasing importance. The Environmental Management System represents a process that seeks to solve, mitigate or prevent environmental problems. Contributing to sustainable development is the system's goal. Thus, this work brings the vision of the companies for the implementation and certification of this system.

All companies are subject to the costs and responsibilities of environmental exposures, even those who are not directly involved in hazardous materials, and all industries do proactive analysis of environmental risk issues to determine vulnerabilities. Environmental risks can be determined by unexpected releases of toxic and harmful substances during accidents, but can also be caused by gradual contamination of the environment due to the use, storage of inputs and packaging of products with the infiltration of harmful substances in the soil, water bodies or groundwater. The goal of risk management is to ensure the operations and success of the company or organization.

Agribusinesses as well as many small and medium-sized companies generate large amounts of waste from their processes, and many owners of these sites don´t have adequate knowledge and / or structure to reduce or eliminate the environmental impact caused by the production of their product in the environment. On the basis of cheese production, whey is a residual liquid obtained from the coagulation of milk or casein. Its composition varies with the quality of the milk used and the type of cheese from which it originated. The volume generated in the production depends on the type of dairy, and on average each kilo of cheese generates eight liters of whey. In this sense, this work aimed to make a survey of the alternatives for the use of whey derived from the production of cheese and the practices adopted by the owners of agroindustries located in the Metropolitan Region of Serra Gaúcha. The results indicated that the serum can be used to produce by-products such as dairy drinks and Whey Protein, in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, as well as aromatic additives, among others. Regarding the practices adopted by the agroindustries researched, in all of them the serum is used exclusively as animal feed.

With the advent of information science, much could be rethought in relation to Cartesian science and its socio-environmental perspective. In this new technological vision, concepts such as access to information and digital inclusion become increasingly discussed issues in the academic and professional milieu, where information is thought in a contextual way, intimately linked to socio-environmental communication, valuing the existence of the receiver and not only the information generator. Some initiatives have been designed to reduce social and digital inequality between urban and rural and in agrarian reform settlements this is already a reality. The objective of this article is to analyze the relations between the digital citizenship room and the concepts of access to information and digital inclusion in agrarian reform settlements in order to contribute to the social and environmental inclusion of the settlers. It is concluded that the digital citizenship room has become an important platform to guarantee this transparency and access to information by the beneficiaries, facilitating the lives of those who live in the countryside and who often need to move from their homes, lots, the city in search of information and resolutions of daily problems.

This work contemplates the production of organic milk in Galicia - Spain, as this region is an important producer and has similarities with Rio Grande do Sul in terms of size of properties, predominance of the use of family labor, among others. It is believed the Galego model can serve as a stimulus for the introduction of organic milk production in the state, since organic farming is an innovative market and a potential generator of income aggregation for producers. The problem revolves around the opinion of producers, intermediaries and regulators about the activity, its possibilities and possible barriers. In order to find possible answers, five different dimensions were investigated: overview, costs, animal health and welfare, environmental aspects and commercialization. The research is classified as applied, qualitative, with the use of a literature review stage with the aim of getting acquainted with the theme and formulating the interview script with the guiding questions. For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted. At the end of the research, it is possible to conclude the Galega experiment can be rather an inducer of actions for the production of organic milk in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

This work aimed to know the sanitation situation in rural properties of the Northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The work was based on a qualitative and quantitative research, and to which visits were made in 12 municipalities of the Northwest region in the period of 2017. A diagnosis of the environmental risks related to sanitation in rural properties was carried out, thus providing the identification of the constraints, deficiencies and potentialities. It is inferred that sanitation on rural properties is almost nonexistent. The disposal of household waste is accomplished by the burning of the waste, placed in ditches, burial and in some cases collected by collector truck of the city hall. Inorganic packaging and products have the same fate as domestic waste, it collection, burning or burial in ditches. Concerning water for human consumption, it was concluded that all municipalities presented contamination with both fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli bacteria. The difficulties related to sanitation are related to the region's low social development, resulting in impacts on the environment and the health of the population.

The concern with sustainability, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary theme is effective in public and private organizations. In the case of the Federal Universities, for example, it is paramount, since these organizations have a key role in promoting sustainable development. In the meantime, it is necessary to implement tools that assist in organizational management, such as the Sustainable Logistics Management Plan (PLS), mainly in the area of public contracting, complex processes that require major institutional efforts and that significantly impact the promotion sustainability actions by the university. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the PLS of some Federal Public Universities, ascertaining the strengths and weaknesses within the sustainable purchasing dimension. For that, a research of the qualitative nature, of exploratory nature, was developed using the documentary research method. The results indicated that the institutions surveyed evidenced actions in their Plansaimed at promoting socio-environmental criteria in the acquisition of goods, services and works, however, the difficulties encountered are relevant. And through the reflections about these obstacles it was concluded, therefore, that for the effectiveness of the process of the Sustainable Public Contracting in the universities it is necessary practices that promote the qualification of the servers involved in the contest.

This study evaluated the existence of municipal groundwater law at Taquari-Antas Basin – RS as well as the municipal action in registering, inspecting and accompanying well drilling and exploitation. The evaluation was carried out through city website consultation and telephone contact. Only ten cities presented specific law, being seven about well registering (Bom Retiro do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Lajeado, Guaporé, Estrela e Capão Bonito do Sul). The other cities presented laws for water granting (Mato Leão), well drilling (Gentil) and potability inspecting (Paraí). Results presented the city acting situation on groundwater and evaluated the existence of specific laws.

The necessity of waste management in public institutions is very current, and necessary for the country advancement in confrontation of the main environmental, social and economic problems, arising from improper management of the solid wastes that generates negative impacts for the population and environment. This article is a plan proposal of solid waste management (PGRS) in public institutions, which can be replicated for others public agencies. This work, in the form of case study, was held in the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Preservation (ICMBio), located in Santarém city, Pará. For such, was performed a previous diagnosis by the gravimetric analyzes of the solid wastes generated in this institution. The diagnosis, it was decided to collect and weigh the waste twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday, according to the garbage collection schedule of the institute, totaling six collections. The wastes were separated in paper, plastic, organic matter, metal and hazardous waste, then weighed. The average of solid wastes generated was calculated from gravimetrical data, totaling 31,41 kilograms, where 80% of the solid wastes is reusable. To elaborate the PGRS, it was mainly used the Law 12.305/2010, referring the National Policy of Solid Waste, were also used the resolution of CONAMA 275/2001 for the identifications of dumps through the color codes for different types of waste. The article also brings a flow chart describing the procedures for each phase of the waste management, according to the characteristics found. The adoption of this management model makes possible better environment performance for public institutions.

In public environmental management it is necessary for the agencies to act, not only by regulating and overseeing, but also actively working to preserve the environment. Governments are starting to implement programs and projects accordingly, to stimulate public managers on practices that encourage social and environmental responsibility in the government sector, and can quote the Environmental Agenda in the Public Administration (A3P), created by the Ministry of the Environment. This article presents the results of a qualitative study that assessed the degree of adherence of a federal autarky according to the A3P. For this purpose a checklist was developed from the practices suggested in the reference of the agenda. After application of the list, just 25.78% of adherence, which leads to the conclusion that there is deficiency in the environmental management of the organization, which should encourage more practices to reduce possible impacts that are being caused by its activity.

The present work aims to show the experiences of an environmental management program, in a territory that has a local development strategy. The objective is to have a tool to guarantee the environmental sustainability of the municipality. This have a multisectorial management approach with an effective participation of the Government, aimed at achieving the constant improvement of the quality of life of the population. Socialization and training of actors were carried out to diagnose and determine the main environmental problems that exist in the municipality. This work was based on the proposed methodological guide for municipal environmental management and the results of previous studies. The subprograms, actions, projects and possible sources of financing were defined. A monitoring and evaluation system was developed. The social actors participate in the local development process, in addition to providing tools for municipal environmental management. These tools allow the organization and execution of development programs for the improvement of the living conditions of the population and the formation of capacities according to territorial demands.

The globe can be symbolically represented by maps, nevertheless the advance in cartography has transcended these representations, reaching human activities. The knowledge of whereabouts such activities occur leads to decision making with geographical consequences. Human and the environment interactions lead to results that can jeopardize this relationship. Thereby cartography is conquering its space in public management, helping to spatialize men’s actions over the environment. Considering the complexity around the public management issue, this study aims to present the cartography evolution that has happened over the last 25 years in the Water and Wastewater Service of Caxias do Sul, RS, and how this tool is making water resources and land management easier throughout the watersheds used for public water supply. It was demonstrated that it is possible to instantaneously share information brought up by the field technician with the final user. The analysis shows that despite the fact that the historical cartographic data do not fulfill the modern needs, they are fundamental to picture future scenarios and that a reliable cartographic structure is essential for public management of humans and the environment relationship.

Degradation of air quality, especially in urban areas, has become a serious environmental issue. The objective of this study was to apply atmospheric dispersion modeling techniques together with the active monitoring of MP2.5 in an urban area of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (MRPA) and to analyze the results through the Conditional Probability Function (FPC). Two critical sectors were identified in terms of contributions to the extreme concentrations of PM2.5, defined as SSO and SSE. The results showed that the application of these techniques together can contribute considerably to the determination of priority sectors, in terms of contribution to high concentration of PM2,5, and consequently, the establishment of actions aimed at minimizing the impacts generated by air pollution.

Environmental crimes are acts or actions that violate law number 9.605 / 98, so they are subject to criminal prosecution and sanctions. This work identified that the civil police of the State of Amazonas registered 1813 bulletins of occurrences related to environmental crimes, through the Integrated Public Security System of Amazonas in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, from 2014 to 2017. For the analysis of the data was used the descriptive statistic allied with information obtained in the literature. The results showed that the main typologies of the study area are related to crimes against fauna and flora. The capital has the highest incidence of crimes, followed by the city of Iranduba. In the municipalities around Manaus, forest degradation is the most frequent crime, since such sites are beginning to suffer from the negative effects of urbanization. It was also observed that the number of records on the execution of actions against nature has regressed over the years contemplated in this research, in the eight cities that make up the Metropolitan Region of Manaus. Therefore, the elements identified in this study provide support for the establishment of adequate, accurate and efficient strategies for the control, control and combat of environmental crimes by public safety institutions and by other bodies involved in the prevention of the environment in the greater territory of the Amazon.

The study of the urban environment is fundamental for the understanding of the organization and transformations that have occurred in the environment over time. Canela, a municipality located in the Serra Gaúcha, is a national tourist place, which requires management and environmental planning. Thus, the goal of study was to model the urban expansion dynamics in the period from 1983 to 2017, based on the use of Geographic Information System (GIS), and to predict a possible urban expansion trend for the year 2050. Maximum likelihoodsupervised classifications and modeling using the Land Change Modeler model were performed. The "Floresta" class was the one with the highest loss in the period, at the same time the "Floresta" class was the one that presented the highest growth, results possibly affected by the similarity of the spectral response of the objects. The urban area grew about three times in the analyzed period. The greatest transition potential modeled for the year 2050 is from the "Floresta" class to the "Urbano" class. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of environmental management and planning in order to guarantee the right to sustainable cities. Keywords: Geotechnologies. Remote Sensing. Urbanization.

Concepts like that of ecosystem services help in understanding the relationship between humans and nature. These concepts affect interventions in the environment by institutions ranging from the global to the local level. This article proposes an analysis of the case of water (as an essential element for human survival) within the metropolitan area of ​​the city of Curitiba (RMC). Firstly, we list the main actors, their attributions regarding water maintenance and scale of action. Through a documentary analysis, we relate the concepts about the socio-ecological relationship adopted by the different actors with role in water management in all the scales that interfere in the RMC. With this we try to understand the possible implications for the management of water quality, if and how the effects of conceptualizing the socio-environmental relationship could have effects on the availability of good water in the RMC.

Payments for Ecosystem Services have become a popular environmental management tool in development policies recent years, especially in Latin America. After initial practical applications in developing countries, it has been met with a lot of interest in academia as well. This apparently simple solution to the problem of externalities, proposed by the Coase Theorem, when viewed from an institutionalist perspective, is much more complex as it involves human behavioral changes that need to be mediated. Adding to a predominantly rural debate on PES, this paper proposes to consider the payments for ecosystem services in the peri-urban space where socio-historical dimensions and underlying power relations are even more complex. Here the choice for such a policy solution might cause unintended effects jeopardizing its promise for equity between the rural and the urban.

This article proposes to analyze the application of the ISA method to evaluate the environmental health in different scenarios of the national territory. Sixteen ISA application studies, published between 1999 and 2017, were analyzed in order to better understand their use. The results indicate the relevance of the method, considering the wide application in Brazil. It was also verified its versatility both in relation to the incorporation of indicators and the attribution of weights, according to the peculiarity of the studied area.

Public administration at all three levels, federal, state and municipal reveals a significant demand for natural resources, as well as practically the absence of environmental criteria that can guide production and consumption in administrative or operational activities. The environmental agenda in this context aims to promote new referentials, focused on sustainability, in order to combat waste, generating a new posture in public servants and in the case of school environments, also in students, through the adoption of attitudes and procedures that lead to the use rational use of natural resources and public goods. The present work aimed to gather information on the use of these resources in the Federal Institute of Pernambuco, as well as to identify critical points, waste situations and procedures that generate environmental impacts, in order to subsidize actions to implement the Environmental Agenda in the institution. The survey of the information to compose the environmental diagnosis was carried out through research and extension work. The methodology for the dissemination and sensitization of the community involved strategies such as fan page, questionnaires, posters, booklets, folders, mascot contest and logotype for the agenda, workshops, participation in lectures, round tables and environmental events. The results showed that there is receptivity to the implementation of the environmental agenda in the institution and that it will contribute to a professional education based on sustainable referents and the rational use of public goods.

Thinking about improvements in the quality of life of a community located in Dielh Village, North of the municipality of Novo Hamburgo-RS, is being carried out several studies, this one concerning public policies that enable urban planning, avoiding the irregular growth of the cities. The disorderly development of cities accompanied by climate change has raised the number of events, particularly in hazardous areas the natural disaster. Thus, one of the main objectives of this work is to prepare especially those communities which are most vulnerable and susceptible to these events, which in the case of the study area are in imminent risk of mass movements and flash flooding. For this reason, this paper is a survey of the laws in force, covering the subject area of risk, and also checks if the actions performed in the communities on environmental risk that result in improvements in the quality of life of this population. Field were carried out during the year 2017 in the community studied, where through conversations with residents, in addition to a survey of the conditions of the environment, the existence of some basic services present in the community, used and implemented from studied public policy and contributing to the quality of local life, even if they are short the indexes covered. The community in question presents a low quality score, several studies are needed to understand the place, and seek to change the reality that does not match the existing legislation.

This study evaluates the degree of protection of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) within the Amazonian conservation units including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. The analyzes were carried out within all categories of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN): Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V and VI. The results show that no samples of Brazil nuts were found in the areas of categories Ia, Ib and III. Of the points, correspond to protected areas, only 11.53% are in the area of integral protection while 33.34% that can suffer human interference, demonstrating that the species is not fully protected.

Due to the increased population growth seen in recent years, consequently, the expansion in the construction sector is evident, comprising the activities of construction, demolition and reforms. However, adequate management of civil construction waste has not accompanied this expansion in the same proportion, resulting in environmental, social and public health impacts. Although there are specific legislations concerning the management of the management of civil construction waste, there is an omission of the civil construction sector and of the public authorities in complying with its legal obligations. In this context, this paper presents a panorama on the management of the management of civil construction waste in a municipality located in Serra Gaúcha/RS, Brazil, tourist and famous municipality for the culture and natural landscapes. From the realization of a diagnosis with the public authorities and the civil construction waste generators, it is observed that the municipality does not have the Municipal Plan for the Integrated Management of Construction Waste, a management tool foreseen in law, indispensable to promote the rules and determinations necessary for the effective management of the civil construction waste. The civil construction waste generators demonstrate the lack of knowledge about current legislation and attest to practising the reverse logistics of waste in a partial way. In view of the scenario observed in the municipality, it is observed the necessity of the public power to draw up the Municipal Plan for the Integrated Management of Construction Waste, intensify the supervision and promote activity of environmental education, promoting the awareness of the builders, traders and the community with a view to structuring of an efficient civil construction waste management system that meets the legal premise at a minimum.

Through the Geotechnology is possible to identify and monitor the development or expansion of a region. Currently, the presence or not of creating marine shrimp farms on the island of God is controversial subject in the city, groups of social actors who are in favour and others that are contrary to the permanence of this practice, generating various conflicts social. Despite pressure from environmentalists and some State and local public agencies, it should be noted that the lack of information about the creation, evolution and development of shrimp farming in the area in question have provoked speculation, inconsistent policies and actions with the reality of activity and other fishing activities in the Park of Mangroves and island of God. Thus the present work appears to monitor and identify the impacts caused by the entry of shrimp farming in the wetlands of the region through geoprocessing tools, performing a temporal analysis through cartographic maps of the region.

Sharks are suffering from fishing industry pressure, mostly by human consumption of meat and fins, causing a great impact on its population. These top predators can bioaccumulate metals in its tissues, which brings risks to human health and indicates aquatic pollution. The objective is to determine metallic trace elements as chromium, copper, zinc and aluminium in Prionace glauca, while studying the biological aspects such as fork length and approximate age to indicate if there is a metal accumulation. Nine specimens were obtained through commercial fishing in the Southeast and South region of Brazil, using pelagic longline fishing. At the landing, specimens were weighed and sexed in its commercial weight (headed, finned and gutted). About 100 g of muscular flesh from dorsal region between the dorsal and caudal fin was removed. Metal determination in muscle tissue was performed through acid digestion (mixture of HNO3 and H2O2). After the acid digestion, the metals concentration was determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Prionace glauca capture during the winter in the Southeast-South region of Brazil, consists mostly by small adult males. Copper, zinc and aluminium concentration was well below de maximum limits permitted by Brazilian and international agencies. Chromium average (0.14 mg/Kg) was above the limits permitted by Brazilian legislation (0.10 mg/Kg). A significant positive correlation was found between some metals (Al, Cr and Cu) and sharks fork length. These results corroborate the bioaccumulation of some metals in Prionace glauca, showing the need for more studies about metal determination.

The advance of industrialization with urban and population growth increase the opportunities related with engineering work. The better use of space, costs related to projects and execution when optimized are always on mind. In parallel, there is a need for areas adaptation, often not flat, for engineering works. It means that those areas need terrestrial relief conformation as earthwork projects. The paper is a case study done in Santa Catarina State of Brazil. The results desire to understand and mitigate the environmental impacts inherent to the process. The approach of the study combines regional geological characterization with the expected impacts and was divided into problem analysis, survey of existing and field data and study of impacts related to activity. The results predict the understanding and mitigation of the environmental impacts, proposing a sustainable methodology for the activity.

This work has as main objective to identify the aspects and to evaluate the environmental impacts generated by a gemstones mining extraction, located in the municipality of Ametista do Sul / RS, as well as the elaboration of mitigating measures to minimize the impacts brought about by the activity. The identification of the environmental aspects and impacts of the gemstone extraction process was done through a case study, through technical visits in loco. Among the main impacts identified during the visits were the generation of dust in the drilling and detonation stages of the rock and the suppression of vegetation caused by the stacking of tailings in the vicinity of the mining, impacts that affect both workers and resources natural. As alternatives to minimize such impacts, this work proposes mitigating measures, such as the correct use of EPI's by workers and EPC's in the internal galleries, as well as the reuse of tailings produced on mines, in agriculture, in the manufacture of bricks and in public roads lessened, thus reducing the environmental impacts caused by this activity.

Environmental analyzes include interdisciplinary discussions that must reflect on the socioenvironmental aspects of the analysis territory, these depend on models that involve the empirical knowledge of the researchers involved. Therefore, these studies suffer certain subjectivity and uncertainties, in this sense the performance of sensitivity analyzes of the models becomes of paramount importance for the validation of the same ones. The aim of this work is to study the fragility of the physical environment of the Alto Camaquã area in order to reduce water availability through a sensitivity analysis of the factors involved. The results have already shown that the region has medium to high fragility, which gives a warning signal for future research. Sensitivity analysis does not exclude discussions about the variables involved in environmental analyzes, but it has proven to be a good tool to reduce uncertainties.

Ceará presents about 90% of its territory in the semi-arid region of Brazil, characterized by the occurrence of irregular rains in time and space, high temperatures, strong sunshine and high evaporation rates. These characteristics, together with the lack of environmental preservation, accelerate the deterioration of water quality, by the concentration of salts and pollutants. The increase in population and the consequent increase in industrial activities have contributed to aggravate environmental problems, especially those related to the preservation of groundwater and surface water. In view of this situation, the surveys carried out in this review point to the most critical environmental impact points and can be analyzed as a factor for the development of actions that seek to reduce these potential impacts.

Lichens are recognized as bioindicators and employed in environmental monitoring. The work aims was to identify the main morphotypes and lichen cover in an urban area of Novo Hamburgo and to analyze the Photobionte Vitality Index (IVF) of Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale. Lichen mapping was performed using the acetate method, with morphological types and structural parameters. Samples of the Parmotrema tinctorum were analyzed to calculate the IVF. Eighteen specimens distributed in seven morphotypes were identified. Foliose lichens presented the greatest richness, coverage and IV. For the vitality of the photobiont was recorded 60% live cells and IVF=1.62. This study allowed to recognize and verify the different morphotypes of the lichen community, as well as to detect the presence of species characteristic of urban environments. The use of IVF was important to verify the possibility of damage to the lichen thallus.

The urbanization process expanded the built-up areas and, as a result, the areas near the watercourses were significantly affected. According to current legislation in Brazil, the water resources margins are considered Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), since the negative changes in these sites generate several environmental impacts. This study aims to carry out the urban occupation diagnosis in the Arroio Guajuviras APP, located in the municipality of Canoas, RS. The research methodology consisted of analyzing the urban occupation in the area studied through Google Earth Pro images from the year 2002 and field visits for observation and recording of the current situation, 2017. For this analysis the APP was divided into sections, and, according to pre-established criteria, the APP was classified as "adequate", "vulnerable" or "critical". The results show that the urban occupation was already in a vulnerable situation in 2002, reaching 50% of the APP in a vulnerable situation and the rest in an adequate situation. This result does not change when compared to the year 2017. Through this study it is possible to observe the situation of vulnerability in which the Arroio Guajuviras is located. This fact that may be related to the invasions that occurred in the decade of 1980, since even in 2002, the analyzed area already presented several stretches with irregular occupation and signs of environmental degradation.

With the expansion of small-scale production of hydrous ethanol in Rio Grande do Sul, an environmental assessment is required. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) meets this objective, involving the survey of environmental aspects of a "cradle to grave" system boundary and evaluation as a numerical indication of impact potential and environmental damage. The comparison between the steps showed, in the impact categories, the predominance of the industrial stage and the end use of the hydrated ethanol. Environmental damage assessment pointed to end use as responsible for the greatest influence on human health and ecosystem quality damage, and the agricultural, transportation and industrial stages with significant damage to resources. Evidence that the lifecycle of a renewable fuel source, in addition to the inherent benefits, also has impact potential and significant environmental damage in the global context.

Desertification is an environmental phenomenon that mainly affects the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions and is the result of natural and/or anthropic conditions. However, mostly causes of worsening desertification by anthropic actions are associated with inadequate management of soil and water in the process of agricultural activities. Then, this study aimed to know the profile of local farmers in the cities of Jataúba and Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and to check if the desertification process installed in these areas is allied to inadequate agricultural practices. The information was reahced through a quiz about soil use and management and water use and quality, to rural owners. And so, it was found that beyond the unique natural factors of the Semi-arid Northeastern region and anthropogenic practices, social conditions also effects the soil and water quality of the cities under study, once the small rural properties consulted do not have adequate access to basic sanitation services, further compromising the environmental quality of these regions.

The world goes through many modifications daily, many of them directly involve worker's health and the environment in which the activity has been developed, such factors affect their way of working as well as the health of the worker. This brief study aims to discuss some health-related issues in the work environment, intertwining the rights to life, work and the ecologically balanced environment associated with the changes that the climate causes to those workers who are exposed to the whether. It will try to unite the right to decent work to the right to health in the environment in which it is developed. It will also be necessary to analyze the guarantees to the environment of the balanced and healthy work, attached with the changes that the climate has presented throughout the planet in the last decades, causing effects on the health of those who develop their professional activities exposed to the time.

Brazilian municipalities face problems with public health, increasing risk of landslides, basic sanitation and many other issues, which serve as a warning call towards the need for social improvements to minimize such risks. It is well-known that some of the great challenges faced by any city are the socio-environmental aspects of its organization, particularly where dwellings in vulnerable areas are concerned. Hand in hand with this is basic sanitation, which is compromised by inadequate planning for cities’ growth and reallocation of locals. Urban areas have different environmental characteristics, from soil structure and the presence of watercourses, to the desire of the local population to establish itself in a particular place. Depending on the number of individuals wishing to reside in a particular location, their presence may cause risk, or worsen pre-existing ones. This study paper aims to relate an area of basic sanitation risk in the municipality of Novo Hamburgo with the increase in landslide vulnerability. Site visits were carried out to identify environmental impacts and verify issues relating to drainage, solid waste and sewage collection. Specific points were observed where insecure infrastructure was visible, as well as locales with elevated risk due to such absences. Basic sanitation is an important factor when it comes to reducing risk.

The essential aspects in the distribution pattern of the Odonata communities are regulated by the conservation status of the habitat and the environmental variables. This study evaluated the effect of time and microclimatic variables on Zygoptera (Odonata) in eight streams (altered and preserved) in the West of Pará. It was demarcated stretches of 100 m divided in 20 segments of five meters each. The individuals were captured during the period from 06:00 to 18:00 hours. To evaluate the integrity of the environment, IIH (Habitat Integrity Index) was used. With the use of the Data Logger Hobo the temperature, relative humidity and brightness were measured every five minutes over 12 hours. There were 1198 individuals, preserved streams were richer (r² = 0.234 p = 0.001) and abundance; (r2 = 0.403 p = 0.000). The suborder Zygoptera is directly related to the physical conditions of the habitat, being important to the maintenance of the integrity of the environment for the preservation of the species.

The transition of areas covered by native vegetation to anthropic purposes has been the subject of constant studies, since, besides altering the natural landscape, they interfere directly with the ecological functioning of a given region. For this, it is necessary a temporal analysis of the areas of interest by means of remote sensing and GIS data. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the changes in land use and cover in the catchment area of Arroio da Chácara, located in the municipality of Vacaria-RS, between 2003 and 2016. For the delimitation of the classes of use and land cover, the satellite imagery of the Google Earth Pro application was used, with seven classes of use delineated: native forest, silviculture, native field, permanent crop, temporary crop, water resources and urban area. Then, these data were processed by the IDRISI 17.0 software, obtaining the quantification of land use and coverage, as well as information regarding the class transitions between the above mentioned years. The predominance of the so-called native field in the years 2003 and 2016 was observed, occupying 58% and 45% of the total area of the basin, respectively. The greatest transition was from the native field class to the temporary farming class, which warns of the impact of anthropic use on the natural environment, especially when it is in the vicinity of the water resources which are used for public supply.

The Igarapé Esperança is the most extensive water body in the urban area of the municipality of Benjamin Constant-AM, being a channel that receives both rainwater and untreated sewage, directly reflecting the quality of the water that is discharged into the Javari river. This work aimed to know through the analysis of some physical parameters of water the level of environmental impacts in a water ecosystem of the municipality of Benjamin Constant-AM, in 06 specific points that correspond to the urban zone. From the research it was possible to correlate the results obtained with the anthropogenic activities visualized at the moment of collection, evidencing and confirming that the increase of the housing nuclei around the body of water causes environmental degradation, a strong threat to the health of the local population and of biota. From the obtained results, it is essential to emphasize the importance of changing the holistic of residents in relation to Igarapé Esperança, in the attempt of reversal and gradual changes of values, perceptions and paradigms.

This work has as objective to map and analyze the environmental quality of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) located in the São Lourenço River watershed, according to the Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12.651/2012). The methodology used involves cartographic representation and modeling of the mapping criteria in the Geographic Information System (GIS). Several layers were elaborated in the ArcGIS 10.3 with the intention of forming an end product capable of demonstrating the confrontation between the land uses in the PPAs with the established by the Forest Code. As a result, two final products were generated: a map of the PPAs and a map of the environmental quality of the PPAs, represented by the identification of conflict situations within their limits. The analysis shows that of the total area studied, approximately 21% are of PPAs, about 42% of these areas are preserved and the other 58% present some type of conflicting situation between the type of use and what governs the Forest Code.

The increasing emission of pollutants into the atmosphere has affected human health, biota and climatic oscillations. Thus, studies that indicate and / or monitor air quality in urban and rural areas are important contributions to science. Live organisms are used as indicators or monitors of environmental quality and, in this context, lichens stand out because they are used in different parts of the world. This paper proposes to evaluate the degree of naturalness in forest remnants in the Park of Pinheiros area (Farroupilha / RS) from the existing lichen flora. In order to carry out the survey of lichen species, six collection points were established, each one measuring 100m2. For this, forophytes with DBH (Diameter at Chest Height) of at least 10 cm were considered. The collection sites showed great abundance of species with good vitality, characterizing the study area as an optimal environment for the formation and development of lichenized fungi. Characteristic species of altered areas and indicators of urban environments were found, as well as characteristic species of preserved areas. The results show that there were no different associations or lichen communities in a floristic point of view in the park area.

The social and economic development of Brazil in recent years has been causing great changes in the environment, mainly in relation to increased surface runoff, changes in the destination of rainwater and changes in water quality. Once an urbanization process is initiated, it is possible to verify environmental impacts, which increase as the waterproofed area increases. Within this idea, this article presents an environmental impact study of a pluvial drainage system dimensioned in conventional manner for a subdivision located in the city of Porto Alegre - RS. For this, the study focused on the evaluation of environmental impacts from a matrix adapted from the Leopold model. The analysis allowed identifying possible impacts and conflicts and proposing control measures to increase surface runoff.

Sinos River is one of the main rivers of Rio Grande do Sul, presenting 190m Km of extension and runs through urban areas as: Taquara, Sapiranga, São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo and Canoas. The population increase in major urban centres creates health problems due to poor sanitation, which mainly affects the water ecosystem. In order to assess the contribution of domestic organic pollutants in the Rio dos Sinos waters, we evaluate the river water quality through physical-chemical and microbiological parameters and the caffeine quantification in 2 points and from these results, evaluate the anthropic impact in its waters. Contamination rates were observed in the colon, and the point 2 had the highest rates of faecal contamination, supported by physical-chemical analysis. Caffeine analysis revealed that this is a good marker of anthropogenic contamination, however indicated higher indexes in point 1. The results indicate that the river is being contaminated by anthropogenic action, reducing its waters quality.

From the last quarter of the 20th century, and with greater intensity at the beginning of this century, the municipalities on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul underwent an intense process of transformation, among which the progress of the urbanization process is highlighted. In this context, we would like to point out three aspects: demographic dynamics (populational), land dynamics (advances over state areas) and real estate dynamics (transformation of predominantly rural use in predominantly urban use) in the municipalities of Xangri-lá, Osório, Imbé and Tramandaí. The analysis was based on two distinct and complementary contributions: on the one hand, we used geoprocessing techniques that made it possible to apprehend the changes occurred in the region, and on the other, we analyzed this expansion as an extension of the process of capitalist urbanization in an underdeveloped country on the periphery of system.

The forest roads can become in potential sources of environmental impacts, which are mainly related with the water dynamic and sediments, when they are not well structured and allocated. The environmental analyses have supported the land-use management, contributing to the regulation of the undesirable geodynamic process as the erosion. In this context, the study aimed at the definition of critical areas to allocation the forest roads, considering landscape characteristic as the topographic, the hydrography and the soil. For this purpose, the soil, relief and hydrography mapping were carried out, and the last two allowed the characterization of the surface water flow of the landscape. The overlap of these landscape features (i.e. criteria for decision) occurred through the Weighted Linear Combination method of Multicriteria Analysis. The final map of critical areas allowed, therefore, the indication of suitable areas for allocation and management of the roads, aiming at the conservation of both the water and the soil of the landscape under study.

Manaus is the main city of the western Brazilian Amazon, being an example of urban zone developed in the middle of the forest connected to its drainage basin. The objective of this research is to verify the chemical-environmental conditions of the water bodies, through the physical-chemical and biochemical evaluation in front of the competent resolutions. For that, a parametric probe was used to measure the parameters and the chemometrics for the interpretation, whose results showed that the man action considerably modified the Mindu Igarapé, in the collection areas it was possible to observe that there were differences in the parameters of temperature, potential of conductivity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity. By all this it can be said that man is considered the main destroyer of the environment and that water bodies are directly affected by their actions.

The objective was to evaluate the concentration of inhaled particulate matter (PM10) in the atmosphere close to the charcoal kilns. Cross-sectional quantitative study. (PM10) were collected with a large volume air sampler (VOC) for particles up to 10μm (PM10). Results We observed that the mean PM10 (μg / m3) in the three cities was 24 , 44 ± 14.48 μg / m3, when we observed by city, in the city of Lindolfo Collor the average was 27.63 ± 16.87 μg / m3, for the city of Presidente Lucena it was of 16,31 ± 12,28 μg / m3 and in the city of Ivoti was 29.37 ± 11.34 μg / m3 and no statistical differences were observed between the level of particulate matter between cities. Conclusion in the present study, particulate matter levels are relatively low and the three municipalities that have charcoal production appear to be poorly polluted compared to the studies found. A possible limitation of this study may be in relation to not having made relations with environmental variables.

The correct destination of a body after death, burial or cremation, has been gaining ground when it comes to concern for the environment. Cemeteries are still the most preferred option in society, due to the cultural tradition involved, despite occupying a larger physical space and presenting several environmental impacts. In contrast, cremation has proven to be an efficient technology as it does not generate liquid and solid waste. A negative factor in this technique is the generation of gases into the atmosphere, however, if the process is well controlled, emission occurs at low concentrations. In this context, the present study aims to present information regarding the knowledge of the population of Caxias do Sul on the techniques of human body layout, in relation to the environmental impacts generated and their respective preferences. The results showed that most interviewees know that both destinations, cremating and burial, generate some kind of environmental impact. It was also possible to observe that cremation tends to be the most environmentally correct destination.

The research project "Impacts of tourism in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo - the Cupuaçu Party" is the field of action, the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo in the state of Amazonas. The study is based on the use of data collection, with questionnaires with closed questions to verify the social, economic, environmental, cultural, economic and political impacts in the hotel sector. The perception of these impacts is not simple to evaluate, since tourism interacts with several aspects of economic activity, arising the need to relate systematized knowledge to the practices of existing tourist activities and their respective impacts, allied to the fact that the Cupuaçu Party is perhaps the biggest event held by Presidente Figueiredo, offering a unique offer to promote the municipality. The study seeks to study the impacts of tourism through the Cupuaçu Party and to analyze the interaction of the event in the local hotel sector is the central objective of this research.

Cemeteries in Brazil are considered by the legislation in force as activities that may be subject to environmental licensing. This condition is available for interaction with natural resources. The main types of cemeteries are the traditional horizontal and parks or gardens, and more recent, vertical. Authors portray the socio-environmental reality of traditional cemeteries based on technical studies conducted in different states. This work aims to analyze each study and synthesize as main information such as applied methods, results obtained and conclusions. Most of the studies analyzed identified degrees of contamination of water and soil, putting the health of living beings at risk. The main methodologies and results evaluated were highlighted and technical and legal recommendations, such as the environmental regularization of Brazilian cemeteries through environmental licensing, were pointed out as the conclusion of this work. Finally, a diagnosis on the problem of Brazilian cemeteries with respect to the environment carried out.

The high consumption of pesticides in agriculture of Brazil, establishes a great challenge to corporate managers on the need for a more sustainable activity. The pesticide consumption comes increased in recent years, mainly in the agricultural sector, seeking the productivity, a requirement of the highly competitive international market. As a result, there is an increase of packaging of agrochemicals. 12,305/2010 law, which instituted the national solid waste policy, environmentally appropriate disposal disciplined and the obligation of structuring and implementation of reverse logistics systems for pesticides. The present study aims to examine how the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul comes deciding on demands involving packaging of agrochemicals in the 2010-2017 period. It is concluded that little using the above-mentioned Law for this segment, which has its own legislation, law No. 7,802, of 11 July 1989, amended by law No. 9,974/2000, which added the reverse logistics packaging, allowing the thread to organize the return to the manufacturer of the wrappers used in agriculture.

Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are released in substantial amounts into the environment when used to extinguish hydrocarbon fires. In their formulation there are perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) that contribute to the fire extinguishing capacity, but are also highly resistant to biodegradation and therefore have prolonged environmental persistence. This work uses different methodologies to determine biodegradation pathways of organohalogenates in bioremediation scenarios. The general objective is to determine the potential of different techniques in the detection of PFCs in AFFF for biotechnological applications, where co-contamination by other substances occurs, for example. Chromatography techniques associated with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed for quantification of the fluorine-containing biotransformation by-products. The steps involve the quantification of PFCs and volatile by-products by GC-MS. Moreover, GC-MS methodologies were developed to quantify the yet unidentified biodegradation by-products from the fluorocarbons.

Alter-do-Chão in western Pará is full of tourist attractions because it contains a paradisiacal scenery and beaches of clear water, currently receives a high number of tourists. Being an important tourist center of the region demands attention to the impacts generated by the tourist activity. Therefore, the present study had as objective to identify the impacts caused by the tourist activity in Alter-Do-Chão, Santarém-Pará. According to the data obtained it is observed the need to adopt management measures, planning in tourist regions is essential for the valorization of the natural space, promoting the well-being of the population and reaching the goal of tourists in relation to entertainment and recreation. Positive impacts are influenced by drought and floods, and by Çaire's feast, increased crime was pointed out as the greatest negative impact, one of the respondents' suggestions is in relation to increasing local security with policing corresponding to the area, to ensure the safety locals and of tourists alike.

The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the effectiveness of national legislation on climate change and laws relevant to the topic. First, it is conceptualized what would be climate changes to, after, investigate the existing laws and the role of Brazil in this context. The implementation of the PNMC itself has influenced international legislation. Also, the legal trajectory and the concern of the country legislator are analyzed when establishing parameters and guidelines for the implementation of PNMC. We can observe that Brazil has already turned its attention to the issue, with specific legislation and ten sectoral plans to be observed by those responsible for emitting gases in the atmosphere, especially in the treatment of global warming. Since the National Environmental Policy published in 1981, the Decree establishing the Interministerial Commission on Global Climate Change in 1999 and the manifestations of Brazilian representatives on the occasion of the Kyoto Protocol show a political concern that is made in the drafting of laws. With this, one can conclude that legislation on climate change is burdensome, however, ineffective, as occurs in several areas of law in our country. Brazil is one of the main promoters for chaos to develop, of deforestation, and because economic interests still stand out for concerns about the future of the generations. So, there are not enough laws, they must be accompanied by a deep debate with society and with the principle of environmental education.

This paper has the theme Urbanization and main environmental impacts caused by the construction of shopping malls in the city of Belém in the districts of Umarizal and Val-de-Cães: comparison of years 2005 and 2015. From this perspective, it was noticed that transformations occurred during those years, even more when it comes to environmental issues, as it was observed that the installations of the developments caused impacts. Some of them are included in Environmental Impact Studies and Environmental Impact Reports, while others, considered secondary, are not measured. In view of this, the article aims to analyze and compare such problems caused by these building works.

Rio do Campo is the source of surface water catchment responsible for 80% of the public supply of Campo Mourão - Paraná (Brazil), with approximately 170 km², land use is predominantly agricultural, with soybean, corn and wheat. The present work sought to evaluate water quality through gas chromatographic analysis, along with mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Five samples of water samples were collected, covering the period from March 2016 to May 2017, 3 samples upstream and 3 downstream of the water collection at the treatment plant. The results were compared with the maximum rates allowed in the resolution of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) nº 357/2005. The identification of the agrochemicals was performed by GC / MS analysis, where it was positive for the presence of agrochemicals in 16 samples of the 30 analyzed. Of the 21 pesticides studied, 9 were detected and 7 were quantified. The analyte concentration values in the samples ranged from 1.9 to 153 ng L-1. The pesticides identified were: heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfam, Metolachlor, Permethrin and DDT. The limits found were low but sufficient to detect the substances, even at a level lower than that established by national legislation. These results allow us to conclude that organochlorine pesticides are still being used or are percolated in the soil, requiring a constant monitoring of the water quality in the sources of supply.

This proponent article aims to present the obstacles that the population of Haiti finds after immigration to Brazil, facing the difficulty to the Environmental Impacts of the disaster that occur in that country. Immigrants came to seek protection or a better living condition in Brazil, because in Haiti there is only 3% of plant cover, and their country of origin has a serious environmental problem, the government offers insufficient protection or is the persecution schedule to these. Migrants encounter situations of negligence, violations of human rights or neglect, leaving aside the rights that are assigned to them in international documents. It is proposed to a critical reflection on the society that we are creating, tending to the increase of these migrations by all the terrestrial globe. The Brazilian legislation establishes a positive action against other countries, however it is necessary to rethink the reception of these foreigners.

One of the phenomena to which the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) maritime transport is subjected is the BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion). In order to study this phenomenon, softwares have been developed to simulate its comprehensiveness and probable environmental impacts. One such software is ALOHA®, developed by the Environmental Protection Agency of USA (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In this research using ALOHA®, an overview was obtained of what a BLEVE type explosion would look like for the Miramar Petrochemical Terminal (PA). The results showed that the diameter of the fireball would be estimated at 667 m with duration of 32 seconds. The red or potentially lethal zone with thermal radiation of at least 10 kW goes up to a distance of 1.4 km. The orange zone up to a minimum of 5.0 kW of radiation would reach a distance of 1.9 km, while the yellow zone (which potentially causes pain in people) goes at a distance of 3 km. This work showed that the Port of Miramar would suffer great physical and probably environmental impacts. The software has proven to be an excellent mathematical.

The environmental impacts generated by environmental pollution in port activities have measures for their minimization and mitigation, but it is necessary to know to what extent this is really effective in reducing these impacts and consequent improvements in the environmental quality of aquatic ecosystems. However, these measures are not sufficient to guarantee a currently healthy environment in the three spheres: social, economic and environmental, since these are not exclusive. In this work, there was a need for greater control of the port authorities, a greater awareness of the importance of the environment by crew members and seafarers and of society in general.

Climate change is among the greatest human rights threats to our generation, putting at risk the fundamental rights to life, health, food and the standard of living of individuals and communities around the world. Technology plays an important role in the moderns’ societies. However, the consequences of climate change such as drought, degradation of ecosystems, rising sea levels, rising temperatures, among others, are able to affect food production, housing security, sanitation and health conditions, directly interfering with life of each citizen.

Environmental pollution of surface waters and river bottom sediments of the Aurá River basin in the Metropolitan Region of Belém do Pará apparently results from activities related to the uncontrolled open dump located upstream of this basin. A survey was conducted in the literature collecting data from several researchers that carried out studies in this region between the years of 2002 to 2017, aiming to identify mainly spatial and temporal variations in the Aurá River in its environmental quality. The concentrations of trace metals and HPA levels in bottom sediment, and physical, physicochemical and bacteriological parameters in the surface and bottom waters of this basin were emphasized. Even with the closure of the dump in 2015, this study revealed a great decrease in the environmental quality of this basin, both in terms of space and time.

The objective of this article was to establish in advance the negative and positive effects resulting from the elaboration of a patrimonial restoration project of the District of Faria Lemos-RS. For this, this study made an impact analysis on the Landscape, the Environment, the System of Activities and the Economic Promotion of the municipal rural area. In this way it was possible to quantify specific items using variable scores, according to the measurement methods used for each item. The results of this study were obtained through the script for elaboration and analysis of historical patrimony to the Protocol of IPURB (Institute of Research and Urban Planning) of Bento Gonçalves. After evaluating the positive and negative aspects of its activity, it is concluded that the use of the building does not generate a significant negative impact on the quality of life of the population, but it does so in a positive way, as it contributes to the progress and growth of the locality. a distinctive equipment for the place, preserves and enriches the surrounding landscape.

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most common and ancient pesticides in the world. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCF) is the main degradation product of the 2,4-D herbicide. In recent years, several alternatives have been developed and improved for the treatment of organic pollutants. POAs are very efficient for the mineralization of various organic compounds, including herbicides. Several studies have been carried out verifying the type of POA and its degradation efficiency of 2.4 D. For the development of the research a complete factorial design was used 3³, the concentrations of the variables were determined according to data obtained in literature review, being chosen the following concentrations: Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate: 0.3 (-1); 0.5 (0) and 0.7 (1) mmol L-1, the concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide were 10 times higher: 3 (-1); 5 (0) and 7 (-1) mmol L-1. While the pH ranged from: 2.5 (-1); 2.8 (0) and 3.0 (1). With the Fenton System it was possible to obtain a degradation of 41.99% of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic. The highest performance condition was used: 0.7 mmol L-1 of Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate, 5.0 mmol L-1 of Hydrogen Peroxide and pH corresponding to 3.

Foods of animal origin such as fish are considered excellent sources of macro and micronutrients, being at the present time extremely studied in several aspects. This work presents the use of the residues of five species of fish from the North region and herbs widely marketed in the State of Pará for the elaboration of dehydrated products, aiming at the family agroindustry. The fish residue (pimples, skins and cartilage) was obtained from the processing of food products from a doctoral work, which used the fillet for the elaboration of dehydrated condiments enriched with herbs from the North region and fish meal. These products obtained from the residues were elaborated at the University Center of the State of Pará and the microbiological, physical-chemical, sensorial and chemical quality control carried out at the University Center of the State of Pará, Federal University of Pará and at the Evandro Chagas Institute, respectively. The microbiological results of the fish carcass and dehydrated end products demonstrated that they were within the microbiological standards required by the Brazilian legislation. The values found for the physicochemical analysis of the final products were similar to those of other authors. The chemical study indicated low metal levels, all within the limits allowed by the WHO. As for the sensorial evaluation, the results obtained showed that the products from the fish carcasses are innovative products and that they had a good acceptability, therefore besides being nutritious they have sensorial quality.

Formaldehyde is a toxic and carcinogenic substance (NIOSH, 1993) commonly used in laboratories, cosmetics, pesticides, dyes, inks, germicidal, fungicides, drugs and cigarettes. Is the family of aldehydes and presents the release of a strong odor, gas and stifling. Inhalations above 10 ppm cause respiratory tract irritation, cough and spasms. In more severe cases, where there is exposure above 20 ppm, can cause asthmatic bronchitis, pulmonary edema and pneumonia. Above 50 ppm, it is considered a severe case, causes apathy, loss of consciousness and death (INCA, 2009). Hayasaka et al. (2001) described the contact with the product causes damage to the retina and the optic nerve and skin contact risks include irritation, dryness, cracks, contact dermatitis and necrosis (WOOD and COLEMAN, 1995). This study is a literature review on the production of scientific articles concerning formaldehyde and its risks to human health using publications from 1999 to 2012 period. Assess the occupational hazards associated with formaldehyde and your relationship with changes in physiological processes through a review of studies published in databases of scientific literature. After the analysis of the data collected, it can be concluded that formaldehyde is extremely dangerous and requires more attention during use. As the production of articles on formaldehyde, note that the publications are of great famine, since the period of collection of the studies had to be extended for the number of works were satisfactory, ensuring the quality of the information.

The dye Rhodamine B has been used to dye different materials in the city of Soledade, which is located in Rio Grande do Sul, this dye is used in the processing Agate and generate colored effluents, which are released inappropriately in water resources. To treat this effluent the adsorption technique is widely used. The objective of the work was to characterize the commercial active coal that will be used to remove this dye. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy tests were performed in addition to using the energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) installed in the vacuum chamber of the SEM to determine the elemental surface composition of the adsorbents. The tests to determine the zero charge pH (pHpzc) and the surface area by means of the methylene blue dye adsorption technique were performed in triplicate and the mean pHpzc value found was 7.41 and the area was 483 m².g-1.

The use of spectrophotometry consists in the use of light to measure concentrations of chemical species. When the overlapping substance spectra it is possible to use the least squares method to interpret the spectrum of an unknown mixture. For this, the absorbance of each of the patterns at different wavelengths is initially determined. the necessary determinations were made to use the Excel SOLVER Tool. For this, 5 wavelengths were chosen, determining in them the three different compounds (2,4-D, 2,4-Dichlorophenol and Phenol) first separated and then the absorbance of the mixture thereof was measured. After a spreadsheet was drawn up in Excel, the molar absorptivity of the components, the calculated absorbances at the proposed concentrations, the square of the difference between the calculated values and the absorbance values were determined, and the sum of these values was calculated. Then the SOLVER Tool was used. however, when using SOLVER, it accused the "stagnation error" (it exceeded the maximum limit of possible interactions) and the values of the concentrations obtained by the method did not correspond to the actual concentrations used. In this work it was verified that the overlap of the absorbances of the compounds may have interfered in the determination of the remaining concentration of 2,4-D by UV / Vis spectrophotometry.

Several alternatives are being studied to minimize the impacts caused by the presence of heavy metals in water intended for human consumption, since the ingestion of this material is harmful to human health. The objective of this work was to study the use of açaí stone (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.), The bacaba stone (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) And the bark of the Brazil nut (Bertolletia excelsa L.), to remove heavy metal from water drinking water. Water samples were collected in the residences located in the peripheral part of the municipality of Laranjal do Jari. The activated carbon of the residual biomass of Amazonian fruits was chemically activated with NaOH. The water samples were analyzed in the environmental laboratory of the company Jari Celulose, partner company in the accomplishment of this work. The parameters used in this research are contained in Resolution 357/05 of CONAMA. The aluminum content allowed in the resolution is 0.2 mg / L, but in the analyzed samples the value found was 0.72 mg / L, much higher than allowed. The results of the analysis of the water after the use of acai activated carbon were 0.07 mg / L, bacaba was 0.04 mg / L and that of the chestnut bark of Pará was 0.045 mg / L. The results presented reduction of approximately 90% of the content of this heavy metal. Thus, the use of activated carbon can be considered viable for the reduction of aluminum, besides being an inexpensive alternative for the treatment of water.

The use of solid waste as precursor materials for the production of activated carbon is an alternative that, in addition to providing a new destination for these materials, can be applied in the treatment of effluents containing dyes. In this work was evaluated the adsorption capacity of activated carbon samples prepared from wheat flour production residues: husk and filter powder. The residue samples were activated at different temperatures (350, 450, 550 and 650 °C) and using hydrogen peroxide. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was used to determine the specific surface area and pore type. Activated carbon samples were evaluated through adsorption studies to remove dyes, methylene blue and indigo carmine. The specific surface area (BET) results showed a larger area for the sample CAS550 (296,026 m² g-1). While the structure of the activated carbons is constituted, for the most part, by mesopores. Regarding the adsorption tests, the sample with the highest adsorption capacity for the dyes was PF450 (5,569.3 mg kg-1). Therefore, the activated carbons produced were good adsorbents for the removal of dyes, allowing the reuse of waste, minimizing environmental impacts.

Air pollution is caused by several sources, but the main ones include: burning of fossil fuels, processing industries and agroforestry activities. Air pollutants directly affect the health of the population, as well as causing degradation of air quality. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the air quality data of NO2, CO and O3 obtained at the Automatic Air Quality Monitoring Station of the FEEVALE University (EAMQA), and compare it with the applicable environmental legislation (CONAMA 003/1990) . The automatic air monitoring station of the Feevale University continuously monitors the NO2, CO and O3 gases presenting hourly averages for the period from August to December 2016, which facilitate the dissemination and interpretation of the generated data. The present work compared the NO2, CO and O3 concentrations with the air quality standards established by CONAMA 003/1990 Resolution, where it was possible to verify that the concentration of O3 varies according to the variation of NO2 and CO concentration obtaining 34 surpasses the standard for O3. As for NO2 and CO, there were no exceedances of air quality standards in the months studied.

Diesel oil stands out for its energy efficiency compared to other fossil fuels, however, from its burning are generated various pollutants that affect the environment. Diesel engines are very popular devices due to their high efficiency and durability, being mainly used in heavy weight land vehicles. The proposal of the present study is assessing the effects of S10 diesel and butanol blends combustion in 3% and 6% fraction. For developing the research, a 5 HP stationary engine was employed at a 3000 RPM rotation, having two tests performed. The first one consists in the fuel burn in a 30-minute time interval, and the analysis of the gases emitted within this time period, the second one is the combustion within a 10-minute time period, passing through a fixed bed adsorption column in counter flow with deionized water at 50 Lh-1 outlet. The first test indicates a reduction in the CO emission of around 10% with the use of butanol blends, in the second experiment an increase in the turbidity and formation of carbon particulate matter with the addition of butanol in water media.

Mining activities provide the generation of several negative environmental impacts, worsening when areas are degraded without proper recovery. An alternative for the recovery of degraded areas by mining is rock, which consists of the remineralization of poor or degraded soils through the addition of fragments or particulates derived from the comminution of rocks. The present work aimed to verify the effects of the rock with granite cutting residues consortium with macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes on a Planosol Haplic Solodic. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using Paspalum notatum and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as indicators. Soil analysis, determination of chemical composition of E. crassipes, mass and length of grasses were carried out. The results indicate that the consortium of residues improved the chemical and biological conditions of the soil favoring the growth of the grasses and elevation in the rate of colonization of AMF in the treatments with greater dosage of residues.

Several techniques have been used with the objective of recovering degraded soils, and these require the addition of organic matter as a potentiator of soil properties. Among the sources of organic matter that can be used is sewage sludge, which presents high levels of nutrients, facilitates the penetration of the roots and increases soil resistance to erosion, and therefore has a high potential for use in degraded areas. The aim of this work is to evaluate the use of urban and mining waste in the environmental recovery of degraded areas, in order to reduce the impacts of the disposal of the mining waste, analyzing the possibility of replacing the soil with cover sludge of wastewater treatment as a source of organic matter due to its scarce availability. The method consisted of the collection and analysis of waste from mining area and cover soil collected at a quarry in the municipality of Novo Hamburgo / RS, sewage sludge collected at Companhia Municipal de Saneamento (COMUSA), in the city of Novo Hamburgo / RS, and for the vegetal cover will be used Black Oat seed.The materials were submitted to macro and micronutrients chemical analysis, pH, volatile solids, humidity, C / N ratio and heavy metals, granulometric analysis in order to know the physical properties of the materials and measurement of dry foliar mass in order to know the fertility of the treatments.

Water resources are essential to man in his daily necessities, since the source depends on several factors and characteristics such as conditions of geological formation, flow - intermittent or perennial. The objective of this work was to monitor the water quality from springs through physicochemical and microbiological analysis. This spring revitalization study in a watershed region near the water catchment station destined to the municipality of Maringá-PR, was initially collected from the source water where the reforestation was applied, with the purpose of studying the quality of the water produced and its physical and chemical parameters destined for potability or any other form of consumption.

The work sought to propose a degraded area remediation project (PRAD) for an area of ​​inadequate waste disposal in the municipality of São José dos Ausentes. Through an on-site diagnosis, the work brings an analysis of the history of the dump and its current situation, leading the problematic to a series of techniques and alternatives currently used in the recovery of degraded areas. The main outcome was a document that sets out the guidelines needed to mitigate and correct the problems caused by the irregular layout on the ground.

This work aims to analyze an already consolidated environment with predominance of exotic vegetation with the aim of indicating native plant species of Rio Grande do Sul that can be inserted in this context. The object of study is the surroundings of an artificial lake that mainly at weekends serves as place of visitation, relaxation and outdoor sports. Although it is a private area it assumes a public space character adopted by the population due to the proximity to the UCS zoo. The area, however, was not until then contemplated with a landscape design and spatial organization having conserved characteristics of original occupation not planned for this purpose. The situational survey of the area together with bibliographical research on the theme guided the definition of the native vegetation to be inserted, taking into account the size, flowering, fruiting and shape. The option for the native vegetation was given with the intention of increasing the biodiversity of the place and the integration with the fauna of the zoo and / or attraction of other native animals that can find in the area shelter and feeding, particularly the avifauna. Once the plant species were defined, a landscape design proposal was generated, indicating the location and type of vegetation proposed to be inserted in the space.

The application of hydrological models as tools to subsidize the planning and management of water resources has been increasing in recent years. Hydrological and water quality models emerge as an alternative to basin monitoring, which may require considerable time and financial resources. Thus, the present work seeks to perform the qualitative diagnosis of the Vacacaí Mirim watershed, located in the center of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, through the application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). For the application of the SWAT model, this was fed with climatological data, soil maps, land use and slope. The qualitative diagnosis of the Vacacaí Mirim basin was carried out in relation to the water quality parameters Phosphorus, Nitrogen, sediments and surface runoff, which were compared with the land use practices of the hydrographic basin, identifying land use practices degrading and environmentally sensitive areas. Through the evaluation of the current water quality panorama at a watershed scale through the application of mathematical models, it is possible to propose sustainable land use practices that will mitigate water pollution and promote the sustainable development of the study areas.

For being a major reserve of drinkable water, groundwater is being studied across the Planet. This study was carried out to instigate further groundwater hydrology investigation in the surrounding region of Caxias do Sul. Its objective is to use a geospatial interpolation technique over the static, dynamic and discharge parameters so to make acquainted to some aquifer boundary conditions and areas of higher exploitation possibilities. The data was analyzed with the help of ArcGIS 10.4.1, applying the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) method in order to verify the efficiency of the IDW. The discharge map showed an anisotropic distribution and some favorable exploitation regions. The potentiometric surface and dynamic level maps indicated different groundwater flow directions. The efficiency of the interpolation technique presented acceptable to excellent index in both maps. Therefore, the NSE method was considered adequate to validate the interpolation and the IDW technique was judged competent to represent the hydrogeological and hydraulics parameters. Allied to a Geographic Information System (GIS) the IDW technique can be a powerful tool for groundwater management.

The present study has the objective to evaluate the impacts caused in the natural cover of the soil and in the peak flows after the urbanization of a basin located in the northern zone of Aracaju-SE. For such purposes, the occupations and uses of the ground in that location, where manually identified in QGIS software in two different seasons, the 70’s and the current days. The permeable and impermeable areas identified in those seasons where launched in the ABC software, aiming to evaluate the changes in the peak flow rates and in the superficial flow of that location. The results generated in the ABC6 indicated a raise over the superficial flow and over the peak flow rate, and these factsare causing floods. To minimize the overflows, which are floods causers, the construction of detentions reservoirs was proposed, which caused the reduction of 50% of the peak flow.

The floods are natural phenomena, which are part of the reality of the municipality of Lajeado/RS, which is on average hit by an event every year. Due to this high recurrence, this study aims to improve the mathematical modeling of river flood levels in the municipality of Lajeado, considering the extreme levels of flood recorded in Lajeado and Encantado between 1980 and 2016, in addition to the accumulated average rainfall and filtered from an exponential decay in the area of the complementary basin. The input variables of the model were selected by Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, and its conception occurred by the Multiple Regression method. It was verified that the developed model presented good performance for the prediction of flood levels in the city of Lajeado, emphasizing that the coefficient of efficiency Nash-Sutcliffe obtained during the validation was of 0.951. This demonstrates the importance of constant updating of the models, as well as the inclusion of new explanatory variables, since the use of precipitation data resulted in a percentage increase of prediction quality of 20%.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of the variations of the top of the Guarani Aquifer System (GASG) in the region of Lajeado/RS, aiming to provide new information for the location of wells for the exploitation of water from the GAS. For this purpose, the information of 51 wells distributed in the area of the county, obtained from drilling reports were used. In order to determine the elevation of the top of the GAS in each well, the contact between the volcanic and sedimentary rocks, as well as the ground level, was used as the basis. It was verified that in this region the top of the GAS is inversely related to the thickness of the volcanic rocks that overlies it, and that the higher is the elevation of the top, the smaller the thicknesses. The highest elevations of the top were found in the central region of the county, decreasing towards the west, and east, where the Lajeado urban area is located, ranging from 69m to -66m. The higher thicknesses of volcanic rocks, which reach up to 123m, despite increasing drilling costs, provide greater protection to the aquifer. This is important because studies show the existence of contamination in places where the top of the SAG are positioned closer to the surface.

This work presents an analysis of aquifer tests carried out in four wells that showed reduction in production. These wells capture water from the Serra Geral Aquifer System and are located in the northeastern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The results indicated that wells with higher drawndown, lower specific capacities, longer time involved in water level recovery, as well as lower percentages of recovery tend to show losses in production capacity. The analysis of the drawndown and recovery curves indicated that the fractured aquifers captured by these wells are discontinuous, limited and with low water storage capacity. Thus, the pumping rates should be smaller than those that were used in the aquifer tests.

The water abstraction in the municipality of Garibaldi comes from the Serra Geral Aquifer System (SASG), formed by fractured aquifers associated with the volcanic rocks of Serra Geral Formation. In this work, the hydrogeological characteristics of SASG in Garibaldi were evaluated, as well as favorable areas for allocation of new water wells. For such, it was made a statistic treatment of the hydrogeological parameters of 162 water wells located in the municipality and a structural characterization through field survey and tracing of lineaments in GIS. It was identified that the static water level is low in general, with a median of 0,45 m³/h/m and a mean of 0,92 m³/h/m. There is a large variation in the water yield, with a minimum value obtained of 0,6 m³/h and a maximum of 85,714 m³/h, and a mean of 13,956 m³/h. It was identified that the lineaments associated with highly productive wells have their orientations contained in the N60-90E and N60-90W intervals, followed by the N30-60W and N30-60E intervals. The allocation of new wells must be made preferably near the lineaments contained in these orientation intervals.

The state of Pará until 2007 had a number of registered wells in Information System of Groundwater (SIAGAS) database fixed from 5,000 to 7,500, a huge number and being hugger when analyzed that a number of wells drilled in the region were not legalized, entailing risks to the environment and to the human being, because they were not accredited, their hydrogeological studies are not performed correctly, or they are nonexistent, as the control of the quality of the water resource used, this way, the need to inspect registered wells, to register wells that are not yet in the databases, and mainly verify the hydrogeological studies of already legalized wells, is even more important for medium to large wells, as is the case of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), which has wells with 250 meters deep, being it in question the object of study of this work, where it was found data integrity provided by SIAGAS, there were no nonconformities

The dissemination of point and non-point pollution sources causes the eutrophication of many surface water bodies and, consequently, the alteration of important biotic and abiotic parameters of the aquatic ecosystems. The laboratory methods for determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in water are already well established. However, sample collection and transportation to laboratory can lead to errors during the transportation and storage stages, as well as an increase in costs, compromising a higher frequency of data. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in methods that can be used on-site in an automated way. A review of the methods for determining total phosphorus and nitrogen is presented throughout this paper aiming at their automatic in situ determination for saving time and producing reliable data. The limitations and applicability of each technique are discussed, with emphasis on the fundamental requirements for its possible automation under monitoring initiatives.

The use of mathematical simulation is fundamental in determining proper water quality monitoring. The Batista creek is the receiving water body indicated to receive the discharge of the effluents treated by the Sanitary Sewage System to be implanted in the municipality of Perolândia - Goiás. This way, the objective was to present technical analysis of the restoration capacity of the natural environmental characteristics of the creek Batista. It is an exploratory and descriptive research to understand the process of autodepuration of water body, using a technical approach, with procedures to survey the design parameters, as well as determination of the indicators needed to perform the self-purification study. Therefore, from the knowledge of the input parameters required for application of the Streeter-Phelps model, using the program AD 'Water 2.0. It is concluded that this water course has the capacity to self-purify if it receives the discharge of treated effluents to be treated in the proposed system, as projected, with 90% efficiency, and will continue as Class 2, according to parameters of CONAMA Resolution 357/2005.

The mining activity has always been one of the pillars of the economy of Brazil, due to its territory of continental proportions and its considerable geological diversity. However, it is also responsible for the daily production of a great amount of tailings, which are frequently stored in damps. After the rupture of the Fundão Tailing Damp, in the city of Mariana/MG, in November 2015, the tailing storage has become an important environmental and social concern. This study analyzed the possibility of using the SIAQUA-IPH model of quality of water in studies of sediment dispersion resulted from the rupture of tailing damps. The case studied was the rupture of the Fundão Tailing Damp itself, and the results calculated by the model were compared to the data published by the Brazillian Company of Research and Mining Resources (CPRM in Portuguese). The numbers obtained either for the concentration of sediments calculated and the period of passing of the flood waves were in the same order of magnitude at some points of the basin as compared to the data published by CPRM.

For the implementation of the Highway BR-448 between the cities of Sapucaia do Sul and Porto Alegre, it was necessary to carry out a technical project for adequate final disposal of solid wastes removed from areas of irregular occupation, which consisted in the construction and monitoring of two geotechnical encapsulation cells. Ten parameters of groundwater quality were monitored in 16 monthly sampling campaigns, held monthly between december 2013 and march 2015. To analyze the results, multivariate statistical techniques were used, due to the high variability of the data obtained. The results indicated that the parameters that presented the highest percentages of the variance explained by the factorial model were those associated to the mineral composition of the local aquifer (Factor 1). The parameters notably related to possible sources of anthropogenic pollution (Coliform and BOD) were not statistically relevant to explain the variance observed in the data.

Micro Drainage is a system for collecting and conducting rainwater, from the water accumulating in the gutters, to being captured by the street inlet, passing through manhole, storm sewer and draining in an appropriate place. The urban area of Itirapuã-SP has presented problems, due to the lack of rainwater catchment points, because with the expansion of the city, it has become obsolete and does not meet current demand. The present work will have as main objective to elaborate a study of Urban Drainage in the city of Itirapuã-SP, verifying the deficiencies of the street inlet and proposing the amplification of this system that will supply the drainage networks. For this purpose, the urban area of the city was divided into the areas of contribution according to the surface runoff of the streets and the determination of the concentration time, the determination of the rainfall intensity in the region, determination of the Runoff coefficient, Project flow and the definition of the number of street inlet to be inserted in each study area. Through the surveys, it was verified the need to install 70 new street inlet in the municipality to enable the improvement of the urban drainage system.

This work presents the continuous monitoring of hydrological variability for the diagnosis of medium and long term from precipitation. The study area is the northwest of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul from 1961 to the present day. An analysis of regional climatology is investigated in distinct seasonal periods. The results show the accumulated actual precipitation pattern above the climatology both in the most recent seasonal and interannual periods.

Aquatic ecosystems are responsible for key ecosystem services and provide direct and indirect benefits to the society. The nutrient retention in surface waters, which is associated to physical, chemical and biological processes, is one of their main functions and it is influenced by anthropogenic interferences. Nutrient retention has been mostly studied in temperate environments, but little is known about how the environmental characteristics of tropical systems and human impacts affect nutrient uptake kinetics. The main objective of this research is to estimate the macronutrients retention in streams located in the Cerrado savanna (São Paulo, Brazil). In addition to the physical and chemical characteristics, we estimated nitrate, ammonium and phosphate retention rates in different reaches of four streams, characterized by gradients in environmental conditions. The areal uptake rate ranged from 60-46000 µg/m².min for NO3-, 4-22 µg/m².min for NH4+ and 9-1700 µg/m².min para PO43-. The uptake velocity ranged from 123-1 mm/min for NO3-, 68-1 mm/min for NH4+ and 30-1 mm/min for PO43-. The results presented by this study shown the great variability of uptake metrics in each stream, highlighting the different retention functions performed by each streams from the Cerrado biome.

Although contemplated in the National Water Resources Policy, the integrated management of surface and groundwater has been neglected by managers and users of these resources. Among the causes of this inadequacy can be mentioned the lack of hydrogeological studies in Brazil and the non-existence of public policies for the sector. In this context, this article aims to estimate the safe yield of the Novo river basin, to assist the planning process and the Water Resources Plan implementation. The reservoir calculation was carried out by base flow separation of two fluviometric station from the study area using Eckhardt's Recursive Digital Filter. As results the safe yields in the basin was 1,81 x 10^8 cubic meters per year for the analysis period between 1972 and 1990.

The National Water Resources Policy establishes that the management of water resources must be decentralized and participatory. In this context, this paper presents a participatory methodology for water resources planning units delimitation (PUs) in Novo river basin. This methodology was developed in the contextualization workshop of the Water Resources Plan, considering the participation of CBH Rio Novo members. Informative, consultative and active involvement activities were carried out. As a result of the participative methodology to delimitate the PUs, aspects that are only perceptible by those who live in the region could be added in the delimitation, such as the maintenance of social identity. In comparison to the preliminary proposal submitted to CBH, there were modifications in PUs Médio Rio Novo and Baixo Rio Novo.

This paper presents the influence evaluation of water consumption by irrigated agriculture on the surface water availability in the Itaunas river basin. The consumption flow values estimation was obtained by the crude irrigation depth of each irrigated crop and the water availability was characterized by the minimum flow rate Q90 calculated by a regionalization equation. It was verified that the irrigation activity has a strong influence on water availability of some Planning Units of the Itaunas river basin. As consequences of this situation, the multiples uses of the water resources in this basin can be limited.

Amazonas is a state recognized by its large hydrographic network, where several basins are discharged, among which can be cited the Solimões basin region of occurrence of oil, condensate and gas exploration, being thus of great economic value for the region. Thus, one of the main means of transportation between the municipalities of the state of Amazonas is the river and due to the installation of the oil bases of Urucu in the municipality of Coari the Manaus-Coari stretch became one of the most navigable of Amazonas, as well as oil tankers, commercial vessels, cargo vessels, etc., and it is therefore necessary to evaluate the navigability of the Rio Solimões in this section of Manaus-Coari. Therefore, through bibliographical research and field survey, it can be observed that there are three critical points of navigability, in which they can be cited: Manacapuru to Montante, Codajás to Montante and Itapéua to Jusante, where navigation during ebb time is restricted by the navy of Brazil, to ships of great draft.

The objective of this work was to characterize the basic limnological aspects in the surface waters of the following lakes of the Tapajós river basin: Lago Verde, Lago Jacundá, Lago Taparí and Lago Juá, in which two samplings were carried out, in the low water phases and high waters. The limnological variables of the studied lakes presented values consistent with those described for the clear water environments, being proved, for example, in the very low values of turbidity, indicating a low amount of material in suspension, however the values of temperature, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity were very distoantes in Lake Juá. The highest values of electrical conductivity recorded in Lake Juá may be associated to the intense anthropic impacts that have been occurring recently in its drainage area. In addition, it is possible to observe alterations in the amount of oxygen dissolved in the high water period, which may indicate an increase in bacterial activity, caused by a process of eutrophication of the lake.

Reusability is an important feature in oil sorbents from an environmental and economic point of view. The objective of this work was to compare different methods of reusing non-woven polypropylene blankets. They are: mechanical compression with press; mechanical compression with roller press; and centrifugation. The tests were performed using as sorbate the mineral based lubricant Lubrax® SAE 15W40 SL and methodology based on the standard ASTM F726-12 for adsorbents. Six cycles of reuse were simulated. Between the first and the second reuse cycle there was a reduction of the adsorption capacity of 79.34% for mechanical extraction by press; 66.86% for mechanical extraction by roller press and 30.23% for centrifugation. At the end of the fifth cycle the sample that was centrifuged still had 78% of its initial sorption capacity. The mechanical stress suffered by the fibers when applied the press and the roller press compromised the structure of the sorbent material. In these cases, it was found that the samples had a reduction in their original thickness and an increase in width and length. The results indicate that the centrifugation method excels the others tested.

This paper consists in an application study of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. It is proposed and discussed its applicability in the water quality simulation of the Vacacaí-Mirim watershed, which is located in the middle of Rio Grande do Sul State, in Southern Brazil, with an area of approximately 1145.7 Km². The field of study has flooding issues related with a fast urbanization process, especially in the middle of the watershed area, and also low flow problems in the waterbody during the dry season, which are a consequence of high water demands for crop irrigation. These problems, together with a lack of planning and not sustainable land use practices results on serious problems related to water quality in the watershed. As a consequence, it is proposed the application of SWAT model for water quality simulation in the Vacacaí-Mirim watershed as a tool to mitigate the existing water quality problems and assist the planning and management of the watershed.

One of the ways of estimating groundwater availability, a watershed solution, is to quantify the flow of the base of implantation, which can be done by the discharge medium in the surface water course. Such flow is accentuated in times of drought, that is, when a recession occurs without hydrographs of flows. This work estimated the coefficient of recession (α) of hydrographs of historical series of voids of five fluviometric stations located in the Turvo-Santa Rosa-Santo Cristo (U30) basin. The data were organized in the form of monthly historical averages and plotted on hydrographs, after being identified in the recession periods related to the base flow of implantation, the Maillet equation was applied, which resulted in a mean of 4,426x10-3 day -1 , which is consistent with the geomorphological characteristics of the study site, indicating that the aquifer has low transmission and high potential of underground reserves.

This work bases on the physicochemical characterization of the ballast water collected from a vessel in the port of Imbituba, on the southern coast of the state of Santa Catarina. The samples analyzed in situ for the following parameters: density, total iron, alkalinity, hardness, bromine, free and total chlorine, pH and temperature. Other parameters analyzed in the laboratory were: suspended solids, turbidity and transmittance at 254 nm. The characterization results were very close to the ones found in the literature noticing the possibility of using some disinfection methods (UV radiation, ozonation and heat treatment). Among the analyzed parameters, we can stress the hardness because it makes the disinfection processes found in the literature unfeasible, due to a precipitation and incrustation of carbonates and bicarbonates in the systems. The similarity of the characteristics of seawater and ballast water indicates the risk of survival of living organisms during the displacement of the vessel, not eliminating completely or risk of bioinvasion only with a ballast water exchange in open seas.

The objective of this study is the mapping and analysis of the urban areas and the buildings susceptible to the floods of the Taquari River in the city of Lajeado / RS. The records of floods and floods occurred in the municipality of Lajeado, from 1980 to 2015, adjusted according to Greiner (2014). The mapping of areas and infrastructure susceptible to flooding was carried out in ArcGis software, from a digital base of spatial information, organized by the company BASE SA in 2013, in the scale 1: 2000. The validation of the information was made with the flood occurred on October 10, 2015, which reached the level of 23.81 m, being 10.81 m above the reference level. Flood areas were mapped from the 19 m level to the 30 m level. At the topographic level of 19 m, the total area covered by the flood was 25.98 ha, varying to 112.15 ha at the maximum level studied, 30 m, which represents 11.50% of the total area of the municipality. The average altimetric error was 0.74 m, with standard deviation (σ) of 0.79 m. Meanwhile, the average horizontal error of the mapped flood quota of 23.81 m, in relation to the flooded area observed in loco was of 6,77 m and σ of 6,06 m. The mapping also indicated that in floods of extreme magnitudes, the number of buildings susceptible to the phenomenon exceeds 1000 units.

This study sought to analyze the influence of soil use and occupation and the precipitation on the groundwater recharge rate of the Ponte do Prata sub-basin located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The analysis of soil use and occupation was based on satellite images, using three different periods (1985, 2004 and 2014), for the subsequent comparison of results, as well as the quantification of groundwater recharge, which was realized through digital and recursive filter of Eckhardt (2005) with the aid of the "inverse filter" of Collischonn and Fan (2013) from data provided by the National Water Agency (ANA). There was variation of the groundwater recharge over the years, being caused both by the variation of volume precipitated in each year, as well as by the alteration of soil use and occupation. It was observed a decrease of exposed soil and native forest with increase of agricultural areas and exotic fields from 1985 to 2004, with consequent reduction of aquifer recharge compared to precipitation, from 37.78% in 1985 to 32.70% in 2004, verifying that the groundwater recharge is influenced by the soil use and occupation, but mainly of the precipitated volume.

The monitoring of public supply reservoirs is of extreme importance, these water resources are intended for essential human activities. To do this, one must evaluate the water quality at different points, making it possible to analyze its proper use and understand its possible contaminations. Therefore, in order to evaluate the water quality of the catchment area of Arroio da Chácara, located in the municipality of Vacaria, samples were collected on different days and at 8 points. After collecting the data, the IQA index was used which uses the methodologies proposed by CETESB (2010), uses parameters, calculations, graphs and tables to classify water quality. Also, the classification of water classes was carried out, as determined by CONAMA Resolution No. 257/05. From this, it is possible to classify the water of the catchment basin in most points as good, and in points 1 and 2 as regular. It can be observed that they still present a certain level of compromise, which in the long term can compromise the water quality of this reservoir. The use of the quality index was important in assessing the quality of the basin, although it is variable over time, so it is important that other campaigns are carried out in order to obtain a historical series and to verify if the classifications are maintained or change in different periods and understand the main causes of the contaminations.

This work presents the results of an evaluation of the current water quality of a stretch of Carreiro river, situated in the Hydrographic Basin oh the Low Carreiro River, in relation to the proposal for a framework established in the resolution CRH nº 121/2012. For this, the water quality data of five points were compared whit the established standards in the resolution CONAMA 357/2005. Beyond that, it was calculated the water quality index. The stretch was classified as class 2, without considering the total phosphorus parameter, attending the proposal for a framework established for the short term. According with the water quality index, water quality was classified as good. With views to attendance of the classifications determined by the framework of the Taquari-Antas Hydrographic Basin, for long term, there should be investments in the basin that promote the improvement of water quality to ensure that the goals of the framework are met.

The city of Vacaria, located in the region of Campos de Cima da Serra, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, has its economy mainly based on agricultural activities and has a large number of tubular wells in its rural area, used mainly for human consumption. In order to evaluate the groundwater characteristics of the region as well as their quality, this article presents the hydrochemical characterization of the waters, through physical-chemical and biological analyzes of samples collected in seven tubular wells, located in the municipality. The results obtained showed that the sampled groundwater is calcic or mixed bicarbonate type, and the characteristics presented were mainly related to the lithologies of the Serra Geral System, which supplies the region, where there is a predominance of volcanic rocks.

The determination of the key curve of a river basin is an important instrument for the management of water resources. It represents the ratio x ratio of a cross section, where from a given height of water depth it is possible to calculate the corresponding flow rate. It is an indirect measure of flow, which offers reduced time and costs with equipment and professionals. The present work presents the key curve obtained from a stretch of Rio de la Plata, located in the municipality of Nova Prata - RS. For the elaboration of the key curve was used the data of historical series referring to the fluviometric station 86420000 - Ponte do Prata. The results obtained are confident (R² = 0.98), and the key curve is satisfactory.

In this article, it was intended to expose the situation of the underground water resources of 28 municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting the condition in which they are located, the situation, the depth and the number of perforations. The municipalities were chosen for this study due to the elaboration of Municipal Plans of Basic Sanitation from the Term of Decentralized Execution (TED 01/2015) signed between the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and the National Health Foundation (FUNASA). The main database used was the Groundwater Information System - SIAGAS, under the responsibility of the Geological Service of Brazil - SGB / CPRM. The study reveals a large increase in well drilling since the 1980s, as well as a relationship between the population and the number of wells. The increasing demand for water associated with surface water degradation demands a responsible and efficient management of the tubular wells. In this context, it is extremely important the development of studies that aim to confront SIAGAS data with data from the stage of Diagnosis of the PMSB of the respective municipalities.

It is known that in Brazil there are many cases of environmental impacts of different types; whether they are man-made or not. Faced with this reality, studies are needed to prove the real situation of certain areas, in the need to mitigate and characterize areas that can somehow be recovered to improve local fauna and flora. The research took place in the furo river of Maguari, in the neighborhood of 40 hours, municipality of Ananindeua - Pará. With the objective of estimating chemical parameters such as: electrical conductivity, suspended solids, apparent color, turbidity, iron and phosphate; in the hope of exposing the need for actions that make possible the recovery of this territory, which will serve in a sustainable and effective way to the locals in loco. All criteria were based on CONAMA 357/2005. The water samples were collected and duly identified, and the procedures for collection, preservation, packaging, transportation, as well as physico-chemical determinations were performed based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The laboratory determinations were performed at the Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry of UFRA / Belém. The objectives proposed by the research were reached and the results allow to infer that the area has undergone chemical changes in the quality of water, resulting from the launching of domestic and sanitary effluents. Thus the research provides an important source of data, which can be put into practice in the environmental planning of this sub-basin.

This paper presents the determination of the rating curve for a hydrographic microbasin located in the city of Caxias do Sul - RS. The microbasin has an area of 3.53 km² and the fluviometric station (exuter) located at coordinates 29°7'15.867"S and 51°8'43.171"W. The hydrometric methods used to quantify flow were the half-section, using the windlass, and the float method, whose calculation was adapted from the methodology of water velocity distribution in free channels in a cross section. The monitoring covered the period from January 2014 to December 2017, totaling 41 flow campaigns, accompanied by data collection in linimetric rule. For the extrapolation of the rating curve, the logarithmic method was employed, while for the adjustment of the parameters of the equation, the least squares method was used. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of the extrapolated curve had a value above 0.98, presenting a high degree of efficiency between the flow data observed by the calculated flow. Therefore, the rating curve is a hydrological tool used to obtain series of flows in free channels and their extrapolation will allow the obtaining of extreme flow values, from linymetric levels not contemplated during the measurement campaigns.

In this study was to evaluate two points of the Estância Velha stream, using parameters of water quality and the application of the Rapid Assessment Protocol (RAP), in order to identify the possible changes unleashed by anthropic action. Two sampling points, P1 (residential region) and P2 (commercial /industrial region) were evaluated from water quality parameters such as: pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Caffeine, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Turbidity, Color, and Total and Fecal Coliforms (FC). In addition to being applied a PAR for both points. On the basis of the values obtained it is possible to frame both points of the stream in class IV, according to CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. The evaluated parameters and the PAR indicated a loss of quality along the stream, corroborating previous studies. This work demonstrated the low quality of this section of the Estância Velha stream, indicating a high commitment of this ecosystem by the anthropic actions.

Antropic actions cause changes in water quality and bring on degradation of water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality in a stream in the Vacacaí-Mirim river, Santa Maria, RS. Therefore, physical and chemical parameters were analyzed and the water body was classified, inferring its possible uses. The parameters that met the legislations were total dissolved solids, hardness, pH and turbidity. The parameters not met the legislations were color and biochemical oxygen demand.

This study was found to verify, through a model, the degree of environmental fragility in the watershed of Dois de Abril stream. This model was adapted from the methodology recommended by Lomolino and Barbosa (2015) and Santos (2010). The studied microbasin drains an area of approximately 24.25 km² and is inserted in the center-east portion of the state of Rondônia, Western Amazon, forming a basin of the Ji-Paraná river. The modeling results indicated that it is a more representative class of environmental fragility and very low with 68.6% of the total area studied. As medium, high and very high fragility classes correspond to 21.5%, 4.6% and 3.1%, respectively. As areas with high, very high fragility should be protected, but the study of land use evidenced space occupation by grasses and urban lots. In short, the model is shown as a promising tool for helping to identify areas with a relevant degree of environmental fragility, and these results can support decision making.

Pollution of water bodies is one of the major environmental problems arising from population growth and the release of industrial and household waste, which leads to the increase of point and diffuse pollutant loads in water bodies and can cause irreversible or even lethal damage to biota, besides numerous diseases in the human population. Schmidt Stream is located in Campo Bom, in the urban center of the Vale dos Sinos region, being an important tributary of the Sinos River. The objective of the monitoring was to evaluate the quality of the surface water of the stream by means of chemical, biological and toxicological analyzes carried out in two points with a distance of 1.6 km. Analyzes related to the potential of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), apparent color, conductivity, total coliforms and caffeine were carried out. These parameters were compared with the limits stipulated by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, which provides a classification for national water resources. According to the evaluation of both analyzed points in Schmidt Stream, the studied water body falls into class 4, that is, it can be used only for navigation and landscape harmony.

Groundwater is of paramount importance for the maintenance of ecosystems and for the subsistence of humankind; its exploitation without prior study makes it susceptible to external agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural vulnerability of the aquifer belonging to the Serra Geral II System in the city of Salvador do Sul, through the application of the GOD system. Information from 99 wells registered in the Groundwater Information System was used. From the preparation of the map of vulnerability it was possible to define that the rural region has a low index of natural vulnerability of the aquifer due to its composition of basaltic rocks and clay soil to grant impermeability when exposed to possible contaminants carried out on the surfaces . The urban area is located at the highest point of the natural vulnerability of the aquifer, showing a need for further studies on potentially polluting activities in the urban area of the municipality.

The city of Campo Mourão – PR is manly supplied by Rio do Campos, a river bordered by agriculture of annual crops whose are reaches about 170 km². This research is based on physical, chemical and microbiological parameters to analyze the water quality along six points of the Rio do Campo. The first three are upstream of the catchment and urban perimeter, the fourth in the urban perimeter and the latter located downstream in the rural agricultural area. WQI evaluated in 41 and the TS evaluated in 77.3 and 57.9, classifying the gross water of the Rio do Campos as bad and with trophic degree as mesotrophic, respectively. IN order to allow a significant improvement in the water conservation of the river, a more frequent monitoring of water and of the activities carried out around it is indispensable.

The Sinos River basin has faced several impacts associated with economic development and urbanization, causing a decrease in the quality of water resources in this basin. In this sense, this work proposes to evaluate quantitatively the metallic contaminants generated by industries, verifying their location and origin. In order to reach the proposed objective, a bibliographical research was carried out, based on recent studies in the Sinos river and the Schmidt, Luiz Rau and Pampa streams, which quantitatively demonstrate the contamination by metals and their location in the Sinos river basin. The scientific articles analyzed samples of water and sediments at different points in the steams of the Sinos river, between the years of 2006 and 2013. The main contaminants that affect the basin are: lead, chromium, nickel, iron, aluminum, cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc.

Rain erosivity, one of the variables that compose the Universal Soil Loss Equation, has been widely used to identify the potential erosion power caused by a precipitation event. However, the scarcity of data describing the kinetic energy and the rain intensity, caused by the limited number of rainfall stations in several countries, as well as in Brazil, is a reality that has been an obstacle for the progress in the application of this method. In this study, the erosivity for Guandu River basin, located in the northwest portion of the state of Espírito Santo, was estimated using the Fournier method with the adaptation of regionalized coefficients. The high erosivity indexes for the region, varying from 7,997 to 8,948 MJ.mm.ha-1.ano-1, confirm a high susceptibility to the occurrence of erosive processes in the region, therefore, fundamental to adopt water and soil conservation practices. The spatialization process were showed to be promising and efficient for the mapping of the potential of erosivity on a regional scale, facilitating the identification of areas that would require emergency attention.

Several studies are underway to predict what impacts climate change can cause and what mitigation measures could be taken to reduce these impacts. In this context, groups of researchers and institutions were formed that forecast the temperature, precipitation and increase in sea level. Among these groups is the Brazilian Panel of Climate Change (PBMC), a Brazilian institution that disseminates constant information on climate change. The objective of this work was to perform a prediction of hydrological scenarios for the Sinos River watershed based on the precipitation and temperature PBMC projections for the southern region of the Atlantic Forest. A hydrometeorological database was used for this purpose between 1985 and 2015 to allow prediction of flow and also to compare current conditions and possible future scenarios. It was observed a forecast of increase of all the variables of the study for the next years, showing that the temperature increase caused by the climatic changes may be affecting the precipitation and, consequently, the flow of the Sinos River watershed

Soil loss, caused by the impact of raindrops and shear stress from the runoff, is a natural process of particle detachment which has worsened in the last century due to anthropogenic activities. Thus, the revised universal soil loss equation was coupled to a geographic information system with the objective of investigating soil loss potential in the Guandu river basin, located in the northwest portion of the state of Espírito Santo. In order to investigate the representativeness of vegetation cover in the loss of potential soil, the methodology was applied to three land use scenarios: the one registered in 2007; due to an increase in native vegetation; and a third considering an increase of C factor in pastures. It was initially identified that considering scenario I, 24.2% of the watershed has very high erosion susceptibility (>200 ton.ha-1.year-1), being such areas mostly concentrated on southwest area of the basin. By means of the proposition of scenarios II and III, it was clear the importance of the natural vegetation on the soil loss, where there was a reduction of 28.73% and an increase of 120.91%, respectively, when compared to the first scenario.

The recent extreme events occurred in the RS have resulted in periodical floods with great social, economic and public health impacts. In this context, the goal of the present work is to present a methodology used to model areas susceptible to flood to support the forecasting and decision making in disaster situations. The analysis was carried on the São Lourenço do Sul municipality, located in the South part of RS. The execution of this proposal was organized into two main phases. The first one consists in building a Geographical Information System database and in studying and systematizing relevant variables to the modelling of a pilot area. The second one is related to the application of hydrological and hydrodynamic models for future scenario generation, in the form of flood patches, to analyze the impacts of a intense rainfall event over the municipality in hand. To do so, ArcGIS 10.4, HEC-HMS, and HEC-RAS software were used. Preliminary results comprise cartographic representations of the susceptibility to flood in the area of interest, according to the parameters of the implemented models.

The objective of this work was to validate the modified float method when compared to the conventional method of the current meter and the acoustic method (ADV - Accoustic Doppler Velocimeter). Flow measurements were carried out on December 22, 2017 in the Maestra microbasin, located in the city of Caxias do Sul in the physiographic region of the upper northeast slope of RS. The microbasin has an area of 3.53 km² and the fluviometric station (outlet) located at 29°7'15.867"S and 51 °8'43.171"W. No precipitation was recorded above 6 mm in the previous 5 days of the measurements. The linimetric level recorded on the day of the test was 31.5 cm, being one of the lowest level ever recorded in the fluviometric station, period that includes a monitoring from January 2014 to December 2018. The results of the flow obtained by the method of calculation of the half section, ADV and float were 28 L/s, 29.7 L/s and 28 L/s, respectively. That the values obtained by the three methods are similar and approximate to the acoustic method, considered a high-precision instrument for data collection. Despite the positive result, other comparisons on different linimetric levels should be performed in order to validate the efficiency of the available hydrometric methods for flow measurements.

The repowering of energy-generating ventures is one of the alternatives to ensure a better use of the hydraulic potential in already existing hydroelectric plants, small hydroelectric power plants or power plants, allowing energy, economic and environmental gains and, in the long term, to be a valid resource to address the decrease in the capacity of Hydroelectric Generating Centers. The present work presents preliminary studies for the repowering of the Hydroelectric Generating Station of the Park, located in Nova Prata, starting from hydrological studies related to the fluviometric station 86420000 - Ponte do Prata where the Hydroelectric Generating Station is installed. These studies are based on data measured in field and made available for study in the establishment of pluviometric and fluviometric stations and physiographic parameters of the watershed included in the study.

Hydrological simulation is a powerful tool in the planning and management of water resources, which can be usedfor stream flow estimation in areas with unavailability or scarce monitoring.The main goal of this work is to estimate the Jucu’s mean flow rate through the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. The results obtained by simulation overestimated the field measurements (triple), emphasizing the requirement for calibration. Additionally, it is important to highlight the relevance of higher level of input data detail and quality, considering characteristics of local soils, geographic data of larger scale available and field visits to verify the accuracy of data represented in maps.

The behavior of precipitation is influenced, among other factors, by atmospheric circulation, which is subject to the oceanic conditions. Phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña, associated with changes in the intensity of trade winds over the Pacific Ocean, cause changes in rainfall pattern in different regions of the planet, including Brazil. This study evaluates the interference of El Niño and La Niña phenomena in the precipitation recorded in the region of Três Marias and Sobradinho reservoirs, located in the São Francisco river basin. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and median tests are used with a confidence interval of 95% to compare the average and the median of the accumulated precipitation samples in quarters in which those phenomena occurried. The results show that not only a significant difference between rainfall in El Niño and La Niña periods, but also these phenomena occur in opposite ways in Três Marias, located in the Southeast region, and Sobradinho, located in the Northeast region.

Water erosion is one of the main processes responsible for the degradation of the soils and the Springs affecting the quality and the volume of the Well. It is a consequence of the deforestation, mainly in areas of permanent preservation (PPA), such as slopes and riparian forests, the lack of conservation practices and the non-observance of land use capacity. In view of the recovery of water bodies, the National Water Agency (NWA) has launched the "Water Producer" program that aims to reduce erosion in rural areas. The program provides technical and financial support for the implementation of water and soil conservation actions, as well as the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) to rural producers who contribute to the protection and recovery of water resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the project "Protector of Waters" implemented in the Arroio Andréas basin in the municipality of Vera Cruz in Brazil, inserted in the "Water Producer" Program of NWA, through the development of land use and occupation.The methodological procedure consisted in evaluating, through maps of land use and land occupation, bibliographical material and visits in loco, the evolution of the ciliary and spring areas. The mapping of land use development showed a growth in the forest cover of the basin, and it has occurred at the same time as the reduction of individual exposure and cultivation.

The research had the objective of evaluating the physico-chemical parameters of the waters of the Puraquequara River Basin, located in the eastern portion of the municipality of Manaus (AM). The collections were carried out in October 2017, dry period, in the confluence area of users of water resources, among them, Santa Luzia Community, Shipyard (construction and maintenance of ferries), Fishing Terminal (Vila do Puraquequara) and Matador Amazonboi (Ramal do Brasileirinho). The physical-chemical variables analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity, color, turbidity and temperature. Evaluating the parameters obtained for the Puraquequara basin at the verified collection points, it can be seen that, in comparison with the current legislation, CONAMA 357/2005, there were no major changes in the characteristics of water quality for the points studied .

The objective of this work was to analyze the meaningfulness of the influence of global climatic phenomena El Niño and La Niña on rainfall in Piauí river basin Sergipe. The studied period is from 1950 to 2005. It was possible to observe, with statistical treatment using non-parametric tests, that the medians and means of cumulative quarterly rainfall on occurrence or non-occurrence of El Niño and La Niña are different. Therefore, although in unknown magnitude, it can be affirmed that these phenomena influence the precipitation in the Piauí river watershed.

In this work are presented data of pH and CE obtained with the monitoring of two tubular wells, that capture water from the Serra Geral Aquifer System and that are located in the Carlos Barbosa city. Weekly collections of groundwater in these two wells, were made for a period of 15 months. The obtained data were analyzed and compared with the volumes of rain and the volumes pumped by the wells. The results indicated that there are variations of the values found for the different parameters over time, and in a weekly analysis there is no clear correlation between rainfall volumes and pH and EC values. However, in an analysis involving longer periods of time, it was observed that there is a tendency to decrease the pH and EC averages with the decrease in precipitated volumes. In the case of the volumes pumped by the wells, a trend of decreasing of the means of pH and CE was identified with the increase of the volumes that are pumped from the wells.

The estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential factor in studies of availability, management, modeling and use of groundwater resources, and the same person depends on different factors, among them, as hydromorphological characteristics of the basin. In this sense, this objective study presents an estimate of recharge for two hydrographic basins inserted in the Serra Geral Aquifer System and that has different hydromorphological characteristics, evaluating as differentiated. In order to do so, we calculated different as well as relief, relating to estimated recharge values with the use of the separation method of flow through digital filters. From the results found, it was observed that in the basin with lower slopes and less marked relief, the recharge rates are higher when compared to the basin that presents a more dissected relief, showing the importance of evaluating such parameters when estimate recharge in different regions.

The Northeastern region of Brazil suffers a strong effect of droughts, which can be potentiated by climatic anomalies. This work aims to analyze if the occurrence of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena interfere in the rainfall regime in a river basin of the Sergipe state, Northeast of Brazil. In order to examine the relationship between effects, the non-parametric tests of the median and Kruskal-Wallis were performed with the accumulated quarterly rainfall data in a rainfall station with a data range over 50 years. The study finds that there is a relationship between the phenomenon and changes in basin precipitation.

The present work had as objective to analyze the perception of the visitors about the selective collection in Praça Batista Campos and Praça da República. The work was developed in two stages, namely: Step 1, corresponds to an on-site visit, in which information was collected on the needs of the squares, where their main problem was identified, solid waste discarded in inappropriate places, and prepared a diagnosis of the current situation of the squares, Step 2, this step corresponded to the application of a semistructured questionnaire with 6 questions regarding selective collection, solid waste and environmental education, which was applied to 20 attendants of the two squares studied. From the results obtained referring to the question "Do you find the selective collection important and advantageous for the Square?", It was possible to verify that 67% (Praça Batista Campo) and 33% (Praça da República) of respondents answered that Yes, that the selective collection is advantageous, because it decreases the amount of solid waste. The research evidenced problems of the discards with urban solid waste especially due to the lack of management of this waste in one of the squares under study. The care with the waste in Praça Batista Campos is more appropriate because the square is constantly cleaned and receives good maintenance in the monuments. In the square of the Republic we noticed that the problem with solid waste is much larger, since it is quite frequent and because it contains people in street situations and who sell handicrafts in the square, generating waste that is not collected with the same assiduity of the square Batista Campos.

A large amount of the solid waste generated by man reaches the marine environment accidentally, carelessly discarded or carried by rivers, which may cause damage to the marine biota. Concerned about the large amount of litter dumped in the coastal region, in 1993, the Ocean Conservancy organized the first International Coastal Cleanup to raise awareness of the problem. Since 2015, the event has been held in Guarita State Park, in Torres (Brazil), with the participation of more than 200 volunteers, being a joint initiative of Projeto Praia Limpa (AST/Torres), Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul (GEMARS) and Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (Uergs). In the stretch of about 200 m of Praia da Guarita, volunteers collected and classified more than 9,349 items in the three years (2015-2017), totaling 158.3 kg of waste. The vast majority of the materials found was composed of plastic, with the most items being: plastic pieces, cigarette butts, straws and refrigerant lids. The compiled data were incorporated into the global statistics and part of the items collected was used for the creation of a didactic-scientific collection of marine debris of Uergs. This collection has been used for environmental education in the municipal schools and beaches of the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul for the awareness of the population.

The work presents the proposed business plan for a company in the field of recycling of construction material, such as sand, hail, gravel and minced wood. The plan describes the responsibilities of managing debris and demolitions brought by waste disposal companies, with the separation of recycled materials and the grinding of debris. Also presents the rubble management plan in the works. The objective of this work was to develop a business plan for the installation of a large waste recycling plant in the city of Caxias do Sul, being the first in the region. The research of the target market and of the competitors was carried out with elaboration of questionnaires in companies of the branch. It has been noted that conventional materials and methods are used, and little is known of recycled products for civil construction in the study region. It was found that construction companies have conceptual resistance to this new material, and the economic factor is still predominant in relation to the technical factor. For the structuring of the company that will recycle waste, the initial investment is high and with a fast and attractive return on investment.

The construction industry is demanding more and more technology every day, however, some used materials have gone against progress since, for example, asbestos cement tiles. The appropriate destination for these tiles are industrial landfills, which have high costs and generate environmental liabilities. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of using asbestos cement as an aggregate in concrete foundations, where asbestos would be trapped. To ascertain this applicability, tests of compressive strength, water absorption and density were carried out. For the tests, a reference trace for the 1:2:3 concrete and a water/cement factor of 0.6 was defined. For the other traces analyzed, the bulk replacement of crushed stone 1 was performed by 25, 50 and 75% of tiles. The average results obtained in the tests of compressive strength were of 12.70, 11.65, 10.70 and 6.20 MPa, for the absorption of water were of 10.69, 12.37, 14.78 and 16.76% and for the density were 2.28, 2.11, 1.99 and 1.88 g/cm³, respectively, for the traces with 0, 25, 50 and 75% replacement by fragmented tiles. The results of this study express the impossibility of substitution.

The environmental conscience of the human being is progressing in the academic environment. Concern about issues such as sustainability and solid waste management is expanding and raising awareness among people, since this theme is directly related to public health, human development and environmental preservation. Based on the law n° 12305/10, which establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), the following paper describes the development and challenges of the implementation of the Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) at the Institute of Biosciences (IB) of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), in Porto Alegre / RS.

The present work presents a study on the composting of material from the animal feed industry. The material is used to clean the equipment that processes feed, mix and primers for pigs, poultry and ruminants and contains corn and soybean meal and rice husk. The composting line was built on the ground and alternately the material and vegetable leaves were placed. The material was stirred daily to promote aeration and heat transfer. The process was monitored from the temperature in the center of the loop. It was evidenced the development of the initial phase, the thermophilic phase and the mesophilic phase of the process. It was verified that the material, being produced in large quantity by the industry, can be transformed into stable organic compound with micro and macronutrient and to have an adequate destination avoiding environmental damages

The beer manufacturing process produces expressive quantity of malt bagasse, which is currently discarded by the beer industry causing a serious problem to the same. In this context, the use of this by-product on the development of new products can be a promising alternative, and the objective of this work was elaborating a honey bread added with malt bagasse and assessing the centesimal composition of the bagasse and the honey bread. When determining the centesimal composition, the results show the higher content of ashes 2.37% and protein 6,59 % to the malt bagasse of this work, as well as 3.78% of fiber to the honey bread added of malt bagasse and the lower percentage of carbohydrates (15.25%) when compared to the commercial one. These results show that the malt bagasse can be a promising source to the development of new products and use of malt bagasse, preventing the discarded of these residues in the environment.

In the process of water treatment, more precisely in washing the filters and discharging the decanters, a residue known as sludge is produced. In most cases, this sludge has its inadequate final disposition. In Caçapava do Sul, sludge generated at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is gravity driven to a sky-drying unit and is later disposed of in wasteland. The objective of this work was to analyze the use of sludge in partial and total replacement of hydrated lime, a material present in the composition of the mortar as an alternative to the use of this residue and to minimize the environmental impacts generated by it. The methodology consisted of analyzing the chemical elements (FRX), organic matter (OM), pH, moisture content, particle size distribution and actual specific mass, as well as the preparation of test mortar bodies with sludge dosages in proportions of 5, 10, 15% in replacement of hydrated lime. The results showed that the elements that are present in greater quantity in the sludge are aluminum oxide, iron oxide, silicon oxide and organic matter. The 5% incorporated dose in the mortar was satisfactory, presenting a compressive strength equal to the conventional mortar sample (4MPa), and values very close to the flexural strength (1,903 MPa) of 2MPa. Therefore, according to the mechanical strength test, the concentration of 5% of sludge in the mortar has reached the appropriate levels of resistance to be used.

Vegetable oil is one of the materials most used, due to its practicality in the preparation of food, however, its improper disposal has been damaged the environment. The objective of this work was to analyze how the factors: environment, temperature and form of storage can change the physico-chemical properties of the residual oils from the Ver-o-Peso fair and the University Restaurant of UFPA. Analysis of acid value on oleic acid were performed, and the saponification number, iodine number, acid number and molecular weight were determined using the instrumental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method. For the analysis of acidity on oleic acid, it was possible to observe that the oils are in a state of decomposition above that allowed for the consumption of refined oils, due to the degradation processes caused by their use in the preparation of food. For the parameters calculated from the NMR spectrum, it was verified that the values of the acid number of the samples studied did not meet the established standard for vegetable oils, and for the saponification number none of the oils studied was found within the specifications, and for the calculated iodine number, only the oil collected in the RU/UFPA is within specifications. According to the results obtained, it can be observed that the presence and absence of light directly influence the material analyzed, and it was verified the importance of the standardization in the storage of the residual oil, because if done properly, the material will have the potential to become a good secondary product.

Environmental problems that arise every day with greater intensity, it is necessary to resort actions that in some places are already present and have significant effects on environmental preservation and conservation, such as the 4Rs that are related to Rethinking the ecological actions; Reduce; Reuse and Recycle them contribute to sustainable development. The location selected for the attainment of ecological actions was the unit of Infant Education Ecoescola Hall Ana Maria da Silva Souza. The actions had the intention of adding knowledge and interests for the collection and recycling of waste cooking oil, for it was given a lecture about solid waste and a workshop for the production of green soap next to officials and responsible for the students. The results of the activities demonstrate that the lecture and the workshop to produce the soap had satisfactory results when they were developed for the employees, however, there has been a significant absence of responsible for students in the proposed activities. The ecological actions of rethinking to recycle the residual cooking oil and thus avoid the impacts caused to the environment by its improper disposal is not yet present in the Ecoescola. However, despite the Ecoescola not have given continuity in action to become a point of selective collection for the residual cooking oil, we must not give up, seeking to contribute with new ecological actions, and working in partnership as a way to envolve and strengthen the institution for which in the future will deploy this type of collection.

In the supply of meals to collectivities the generation of food waste can occur due to several factors, the most usual being leftovers and the rest ingestion of the users' dishes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the generation of food waste in a university restaurant of a federal public institution in Porto Alegre / RS. The research period was November 2017. The waste generation of the lunch and dinner meals were evaluated. The menu consists of cereal, legumes, protein (vegetable or meat), garnish, salad and fruit. The collected data considered total values, per capita and averages of the generated residues. Values ​​of generation of rest per capita intake that varied from 20.4 to 144.9 grams between the lunch and dinner meals were identified. However, on average the rest dinner intake was 4.93 times higher than lunch. In relation to the remainder of vats of the two meals the values ​​were closer, but with the percentage of the highest dinner. Not was identified a relationship between the amount of leftovers with the frequency of users or the type of menu offered. The importance of a new monitoring and the application of environmental education to reduce these high levels of Rest Ingestion is highlighted.

The problem of the inadequate disposal of solid waste is evident in several municipalities and the search for alternative and adequate solutions from the economic, environmental and social point of view is extremely relevant. The present work used as a case study the Usina Verde, an enterprise located in the vicinity of the Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and that uses incineration as a form of treatment of urban solid waste. The objective of the research was to evaluate the energy efficiency of the enterprise, the cost-benefit relation when compared to a landfill and, finally, to point it as a suitable and sustainable alternative of destination and treatment of urban solid waste not only in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), but in other Brazilian municipalities.

The activity of breeding, slaughtering and dispatching of broilers generates a great diversity and quantity of solid residues such as: blood, feathers, viscera, carcasses and bed of aviary and when not properly managed, can generate a series of impacts. This work aimed to characterize the solid waste generated and to diagnose the process of waste management in an agroindustry of chicken production in Santarém-PA. For this, seven questionnaires were applied in the poultry integration sector and four questionnaires with the company, in addition to the use of a check list in the dependencies of the company's cutting sector. The results obtained range from failure in waste management in the poultry integration sector to non-adequacy of waste treatment systems, which makes it relevant to the management of solid waste within a company, thus guaranteeing environmental quality.

The objective of this work was to identify the possibilities of final destination, from the point of view of recycling and treatment of municipal solid waste and reverse logistics waste in Santarém - PA, as well as the challenges faced by these productive chains. It was studied the recycling companies or the ones that receive paper, glass, plastic, metal and cooking oil and establishments that commercialize the reverse logistics products such as: batteries; tires; lubricating oils, their residues and their packaging; fluorescent lamps; electronic products and their components. For this, the interview tool, as a method of collecting information in local public agencies was used. It was also carried out a mapping and interviews of collection points and waste disposal, seeking to know the peculiarities of the chain and the challenges faced by it. To identify all voluntary waste delivery points, the snowlball methodology was used. Therefore, it was identified 13 companies operating with urban solid waste, 15 voluntary (fixed) delivery points (fixed) for plastic and 12 reverse logistics waste delivery points. Among these, only 4 companies execute waste recycling in the city. Among the challenges found are: distance from recycling centers and absence of outflow infrastructure; low adherence to shared responsibility, and lack of knowledge of legal aspects. We believe that public investments in the establishment of programs and projects for selective collection and environmental education, as well as tax incentives for establishments of local recycling companies, are alternatives for recycling and treatment of the waste studied in the local context.

The textile industry in Brazil represents a sector of great relevance for the generation of employment and income. The productive processes of this sector work with raw materials that cause great environmental and economic impacts. The objective of this study is to minimize the generation of solid textile waste. In order to do so, we used the methodology of cleaner production (P+L) with a focus on minimizing losses in the production processes, evaluating the productivity, quality and generation of solid textile waste in the cutting sector in the industry. The results obtained demonstrate the minimization of waste generation, with the utilization of fabrics for the production of new products, resulting in an economic and environmental gain. Emphasis is given to the importance of awareness-raising and the participation of employees on a continuous basis, aiming at seeking a better use of the raw material in the production process.

Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a tool that presents interesting characteristics to the solid waste sector. Indeed, LCCA allows supporting managers to carry out prognostics related to investment and operational costs of waste management systems and could be used in association with environmental assessment. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate waste management systems for Brazilian context by using the LCCA approach. It were evaluated eight scenarios presenting different combinations of five waste treatment technologie. Brazilian waste generation and composition were used in this study. The results indicate that energy and materials recovery are crucial factors to achieve financial sustainability of solid waste management systems. Among the alternatives assessed, the options that adopt energy recovery from landfill biogas and material recovery from recyclables sorting plants presented the best financing results considering the life cycle of the systems.

ABSTRACT: For the preparation of this work, which intend to diagnose the processes of disposal and destination of waste tires, as well as their impact on the environment, in the territory of the city of Vitória da Conquista – BA, was chose the model PSIR (Pressure - State - Impact - Response), used by the United Nations Program in the analysis of environmental indicators. Initially, the methodology was based on bibliographical research and interviews with the main ones involved with the management of the waste tires of the city. Based on the information collected, the indicators classified with the highest significance for the proposed analysis were suggested. Then, these indicators were categorized according to the degree of importance of each one, assigning negative or positive notes for each observed parameter. From this, it was possible to observe which are the most significant indicators for the current condition of the municipality, as well as the degree and the main causes of environmental degradation, regarding the impacts caused by the disposal and incorrect management of tires. It was verified that three indicators stood out as more negatively significant: Irregular tire disposal, Generation of waste tires and Presence of insects. While only the water, air and soil quality indicator has behaved satisfactorily, it can be seen, therefore, that although there is an effort by the public power to solve some problems related to the management and management of waste tires, more vigorous actions are still required in order to increase efficiency and structuring in other aspects, such as collect, reuse and adequate storage of pneumatic waste.

The objective of this work was to analyze the waste management of a confectionery from Serra Gaúcha. The methodology was organized in a bibliographical survey, field work and identify the main waste generated in the confectionery, as well as to analyze its destination. For better understanding, several flowcharts were organized, differentiating the sectors and what each produces solid waste. Many types of waste are generated, and they do not always have the correct destination, so the confectionery must organize a reduction system in generation, changes in the production process and initiate environmental education training of the entire team. After the training, strategies will be applied in production and products, to save and increase the efficiency of energy, raw materials, and water use, and to minimize or reuse waste generated.

This work aimed to verify all waste management processes, developed in a furniture company, located in the city of Flores da Cunha, in Rio Grande do Sul. In order to observe all the processes that the waste goes through, of which sectors they are originate, which is its final destination, and are being carried out according to the law no. 12,305, of August 2, 2010 and the Environmental Management System, in addition to the NBR 10004. The company analyzed carries out the destination of the waste in an extremely efficient, importing itself with the management of waste, avoiding the waste and environmental degradation, and is performing according to the legislation.

The hammer mill is an equipment used to segregate materials through impact. Thus, the equipment was used with a 5 mm mesh to carry out the comminution of obsolete cellular debris, making the granulometric separation in sieves of different aperture diameters, in order to measure the mass retained therein. In addition to the granulometric separation, the magnetic roll was used, thus separating the magnetic constituents of the non-magnetic, comparing the percentage in the constitution of the cell phones, as well as the efficiency of this separation process, verifying their degree of release.

The objective of this article is to evaluate the current system of solid urban waste collection routes in the municipality of Crato / CE, based on data collection related to urban cleaning services, as well as the use of network techniques obtained from the secretariat of municipal infrastructure through analysis of documents, interviews and in locu observations. As a result, the absence of technical and administrative criteria - the need for an optimized procedure, also technological, in the collection of solid waste - can guide and follow the exit path, the area route the landfill and the return of the truck to the garage.

Brazil stands out as the seventh global producer of castings and one of the great challenges is waste management. The objective of this work is the incorporation of the residue of ceramic shell in the concrete, aiming at the environmental preservation, the recycling and the reduction in the consumption of natural resources. With this, substitutions of the large and small aggregates were developed, carrying out comparative tests. The specimens were dosed by the IPT EPUSP method and the specific mass, the a/c ratio and the cement consumption were evaluated. In the dry state, tests of compressive strength, water absorption, voids index, specific mass and carbonation were performed. The water absorption of the ceramic peel as both a small and large aggregate increased the a/c ratio as the substitution content increased. There was a reduction in cement consumption and an increase in compressive strength when compared to conventional concrete. The carbonation test presented satisfactory results. Finally, the study shows that the use of ceramic shell has great potential, and should be evaluated each case of substitution depending on the product to be generated.

The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Is the protagonist of the most traditional and important extractive activity of the Amazon. The solid residue of the production of pulp and wine is the stone, having in its constitution of 5.3% of tannins, raw material of the production of cationic vegetal flocculants, used as substitutes of the salts of aluminum and iron in the treatment of water. There are already in the national market companies that produce and commercialize coagulants obtained from tannins extracted from black wattle, the main commercial source of vegetable tannins. The present work aimed at extracting and dosing the tannins present in the açaí kernels. The aqueous extract obtained was used to obtain a cationic plant flocculant through the Mannich Reaction, forming the quaternary ammonium tannate, applied as a flocculant in water treatment operations. The efficiency of the flocculant in reducing the turbidity and apparent color in the water samples after its application was determined through coagulation tests carried out on Jar Test equipment.

The construction industry is responsible for impacts environmental, social and economic considerable, in reason in to possess one position in featured at economy brazilian. The 307 CONAMA’s Resolution classifies of class construction waste (CCW), as a class A (inert), B (recyclable), C (non-recyclable waste) and D (dangerous). The present work was carried out in the city of Capão da Canoa/RS, providing on the analysis of solid waste management plans for construction and demolition and potential problems regarding the management of construction waste. It was found that the largest amount of waste generated is about class A (remnants of cement, concrete, brick and etc.), whereas waste about class C are being assigned incorrectly and local alternatives for plaster recycling are lacking. Construction waste is sent to three authorized companies for receipt and final destination. The management of demolition waste is carried out by a single qualified company that receives all types. The present study presented relevant results, showing the potentialities and difficulties of CCW in Capão da Canoa.

Health Services Waste (SSR) requires special care, and it is extremely important to prepare the Solid Waste Management Plan for the treatment of the period from the time of its generation to its final destination. Poor conditioning and waste disposal can lead to human health and environmental damage. In a hospital setting the residue control developed even more, emphasizing the toxicity and the pathogenic organisms present. With the purpose of identifying the hospital solid waste generated and suggesting a Management Plan for these, this work is based on technical visits to the mid-size hospital located in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, and it is possible to identify the different types of waste generated , their quantities and current disposition and destination, as well as to recognize the solid waste management procedures adopted at the hospital and to make workers aware of the importance of developing a Solid Waste Management Plan.

The objective of this study was to analyze investments, revenues and the management of solid industrial waste generated in Alibem Alimentos S.A., Santa Rosa – RS. We attempted to quantify class I (hazardous) and class II (non-hazardous) waste generated between January 2016 and December 2017, to verify its destination, the resulting revenue and the investments attributed to transportation and destination. A total of 18,551 kg of waste sent for co-processing, 54.94 m³ disposed of in industrial waste landfill, 331,085 kg and 16,920 units of recycled waste, 10,040 liters sent for refining and 70 kg, 1,890 liters, 1,9 m³ and 4,194 waste sent for decontamination and final disposal. Total investments with final destination and transportation of waste, in the period, was budgeted R $ 62,911.36 and generated a revenue of R $ 43,371.00.The company adopts constant measures to comply with environmental legislation, improve the waste management process and do not harm the environment.

This work presents the application of the post-occupation evaluation on the built environment of a waste sorting center in Caxias do Sul-RS, which has been reformed with finances provided by the Bank of Brazil Foundation through the Água Brasil Program. The focus of the study was the clipping two aspects encompassed by the evaluation: physical-constructive aspects and functional aspects. Procedures were selected and applied to the object of study with the intent to compare the POE performed in 2014, before the reform, with the current situation, in order to identify if the interventions have qualified the area and have improved the production. It is anticipated that although the physical-constructive conditions were qualified, the work execution did not count on technical accuracy, and the functional changes did not increase productivity.

On the last years in southern of Rio Grande do Sul, there were significant developments in the implementation of sectors as forestry and agricultural business. On the other hand, there were relevant increments on agricultural machinery solid waste generation. Because of this, there is a necessity of environmental management strategies, principally in terms of complexity of this kind of waste, in other words, characteristics, typologies, handling, storage, collection, transport and final disposal. Any action changing of this reality requires a precisely diagnoses on the studied organization. Based on this assumption, the principle objective of this research is to carry out a diagnostic in loco, classifying the wastes in accordance with Brazilian technical regulations. Furthermore, there were identified the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT matrix) in order to establish management waste strategies. This study sought to understand the problem through a semi-structured script applied to the organization economic agents. As a result of this study were observed that the aimed organization fits in the regulations and current legislation, however, it needs actions in order to implement and develop environmental management strategies, facing the pillar of sustainability, in other words, socially fair, politically correct, economically viable, environmentally responsible and culturally diversified.

Solid waste from water treatment plants (WTPs) must be treated and disposed of correctly. The thickening is one of the most important stages of sludge treatmentaiming at its later final destination. This study evaluated the thickening of decanters sludge from an WTP by flotation to dissolved air (DAF), investigating different concentrations of cationic polymer P-2900, saturation pressures (5.0, 5.5, 6.0 atm) and content of solids in the sludge. The flocculated sludge with 4.5 and 5.0 mg pol/g SST and saturation pressure of 6 atm were the only ones that completely thickened. The increase of the initial concentration of solids in the sludge negatively affected the DAF. However, it was evidenced that DAF is a promising alternative for the thickening of WTP sludge. However, it is necessary to carry out studies that promote the improvement of DAF to sludge with higher solids concentration, but without increasing energy.

The following study aims to characterize solid waste management in the Guanabara-Ananindeua / PA neighborhood. To do so, the work was developed in stages, namely: Step 1, in which a bibliographic survey was carried out, Step 2, on-site visit in the period of June 2017, Step 3, questionnaire application, Step 4, photographic record in order to register the area studied, Step 5, referring to the systematization of data and characterization of waste management and Step 6, in which proposals for improvements were formulated. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to verify that 60% of the respondents answered that it is common to pass the cars of waste in the neighborhood every other day (Monday, Wednesday and Friday), 81% of the interviewed residents reported that they do not know cooperatives in the neighborhood , 55% of the interviewed inhabitants, have knowledge of a campaign to determine the separation of household solid waste, 60% of the respondents answered that they perform segregation and send to the Supermarket Selective Collection Station, 95% in the view of the population, understand that it is important to separate household solid waste, but said that this is not always the case. It is possible to realize that the irregular disposition of Solid Waste in the city of Ananindeua is causing very serious problems to the urban environment and consequently causing an environmental degradation as well as an unpleasant visual pollution.

In urban areas, where most of the population, productive activities and consumption are currently concentrated, there are many signs of man-made impacts on the environment. With this scenario, the generation of solid waste grows at the same rate as the population, requiring large and small generators, the public power and the population to devote more attention to their management, especially with regard to destination. This work addresses part of this scenario, and through a mapping, a diagnosis was made of the situation of irregular waste disposal in the Northeast District of Canoas / RS. Field data collection included on-site visits, photographic records, and historical image analysis of the areas investigated by Google Earth Pro software. Data were compiled into images, maps and spreadsheets, and subsequently discussed and analyzed. The objective of the research besides identifying points of irregular disposition, was also to seek solutions to simplify the problems caused by these dispositions. As a result, the study presented 15 areas with irregular layout, most of them located in the Guajuviras neighborhood. It is concluded that in order to solve the problems, it is necessary that the waste management of the city of Canoas occurs in a differentiated way, aiming to prevent impacts, environmental education of the residents, improvement in the quality of collection services, transportation and disposal of waste. In addition, it is necessary that the environmental inspection by the city council takes place more efficiently.

This work aimed to show the working conditions in a cooperative of recyclable materials that is located in the municipality of Benevides in the Metropolitan Region of Belém / PA. The research is characterized as exploratory with a quantitative approach. The data collection was carried out during the months of January to April / 2016, several visits were made to the Cooperative and questionnaires were applied. The data of the participants of the research were analyzed, regarding gender, schooling, economic situation, among others. According to the data analyzed it was found that the results in relation to the age group of the Cooperated. 43% presented age ranging from 41 to 55 years, 29% from 31 to 40 years; 21% is between 20 and 30 years old and 7% corresponds to the age group from 56 to 75 years. In which the cooperators were asked if they considered the job a job or only an alternative, about 92% of the members answered that they are able to survive and maintain their family, and only 8% consider it an alternative, due to the lack of opportunity in the labor market. As for the lack of support from the community and the On the contrary, 86% stressed that there is a lack of support and that the same would be very much the case. 14% reported that it has support in the community where the collection is carried out. It was observed that the working conditions of cooperatives and / or recyclable waste pickers are precarious, in addition to direct contact with waste by f high PPE's, onerous work, no labor rights and protective measures in the workplace, low income lack of resources.

The fertilizer developed and used in this work was obtained from the chemical precipitation of the effluent pre-treated generated in the drug industry. The material obtained was tested as fertilizer for the aroeira-salsa (Schinus molle) plant. It was used a medium-textured Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo soil, characteristic of the region of the Paraiba valley, with high aluminum content. With the application of this residue to the soil were obtained both satisfactory results for the soil and the plant tested. In the soil, it was obtained quantitative results due to the increases in the contents of SOC (soil organic carbon), N, Mg, K and decrease of Al contents.

Large generation of urban waste is one of the main problems faced by society. Increased food production, industrialization, and the creation of new products, all of which encourage exaggerated consumerism and discard such post-use goods. In this way, increasing the generation of waste without any concern with the effects that can occur if destined of inadequate way. The present work presents an evaluation of the waste collection system of the city of Caxias do Sul, analyzing the evolution of the indicators of residues, made available by the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) in the years of 2013 to 2015.

MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) is raw material especially for the furniture industry and construction on replacement of hardwood that today can no longer be used for those purposes. The use of MDF has grown annually and consequently the waste generated, too. This study sought to find sustainable alternatives for the reduction of incorrect disposal of the waste of MDF of cabinetmaking from the city of Itu, São Paulo, through the transformation of such waste in new objects like, household items and toys. The new products developed from the waste of MDF were donated to social institutions where they were marketed thus creating an extra income. In this way, the creation of marketable products, in addition to minimizing the impact on the environment also contributed to social and economic issues of the region.

Concern about the problem of solid waste is growing. Many are the effects and impacts caused by poor management and management. The objective of the study was to estimate the per capita generation and gravimetric composition of four university residences located in the municipality of Medianeira and Matelândia, western Paraná, and establish a comparison with the national scenario. During the 30 days, the residues of four residences (A, B, C and D) were segregated into organic, recyclable, tailings and heavy. The per capita generations found were significantly lower than national. The gravimetric composition presented variation when compared to the National Solid Waste Plan, with greater participation of organic matter and less fraction of recycled, except the dwelling C. The results obtained demonstrate that the quantity and type of residues generated are influenced by several factors, which explains why the solid waste study is based on estimates.

The Brazilian industry of gemstones extraction and commercialization of precious and semi-precious stones generates numerous residues during the various processes of beneficiation. This research aimed to test the pozzolanicity of the remaining agate powder from the industrial processes of a mine in the city of Teutônia, RS, for possible replacement of cement material in concrete production. The residue was subjected to chemical characterization tests (X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence) and physical (laser particle size and performance index with Portland cement). The results of the agate powder, when compared to the requirements for pozzolanic materials of NBR 12653 (ABNT, 2014), presented values of performance index for resistance to axial compression with 28 and 63 days below the minimum required by the standard. However the gain of resistance between the two ages for the specimens with the incorporation of the agate powder suggests the possibility of pozzolanic reactions, but with slow development along the age.

The furniture manufacturing is related to the generation of solid waste, mainly in the wood processing stages. In this context, the basic machinery for the manufacture of wood products can influence the generation of waste, especially with regard to its maintenance and time of use. The classification of these wastes is really important for the elaboration of a solid industrial waste management plan and adequate final destination. Objective: To identify and classify, according to pertinent norms of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms, the solid waste from two joineries located in the Serra Gaúcha. Methodology: This was a case study carried out in two joineries located in Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data collection phase took place in September 2016, through the application of a questionnaire containing questions regarding the company's waste production, addressing the topics raw material used, equipment used, production process and waste generated in production. Results: The results indicated that the largest generation wastes by companies were sawdust, shavings, chips, plastic, organic waste and liquids. The equipment that generated most waste was circular saw, planing machine, sectioning machine, sanding machine and CNC lathe. The waste generated was classified as non-hazardous wastes. Conclusion: Most of the residues generated is derived from wood and is classified as Class IIA - non-hazardous and non-inert waste.

The practices of reuse and recycling of solid waste have become increasingly viable and efficient alternatives to solve the problem of the accumulation of these wastes in large cities. And Environmental Education, a recent theme, acts as a teaching tool to raise awareness and awareness in order to educate citizens aware of their responsibilities to the environment. It is of great importance to implement environmental education in school institutions, especially in child education, since children are the basis of education and will act as multiplier agents. Thus, the objective of this work was to propose environmental education practices in the school environment in order to involve educators, educators and the community, focusing on the problem of undue disposal of solid waste and solutions based on reuse and recycling of these materials . The results obtained through the educational activities carried out in the school environment were satisfactory, surprising the expected expectations. The appropriation of the content worked and the change of attitude of the students as transforming agents was evident, indicating that the applied methodology was adequate and efficient.

The monitors of laptops and televisions are trash most common among electronic waste all around the world. These devices are present polymer has high transparency denominated PMMA (Poly-methyl-methacrylate), being using in manufacturing of fibers and optical devices. In this work, a technique of doping of PMMA with Europium at a rate of 0.1% by mass is presented, which preserves the optical characteristics of the PMMA, allowing matrix to act as an optical-optical converter or as an optical amplifier in a system based on plastic optical fibers. The photoluminescent efficiency of doped polymer was verified by analyzing its excitation and emission, being also determined the life time of excited electrons. Results show that doped polymer matrix acts as an optical converter of ultraviolet light (328 nm) to visible red (612 nm).

Through this study it is presented an analysis implementing residue of marbles and granites for concrete used in pavers interlocked with pre-established traces. The analysis material was collected from “GDI Mármores e Granitos”, from Santo Cristo / RS. In order to obtain the results, tests were carried out starting from the IPT dosing method (Paulo Helene and Terzian), seeking the minimum resistance required by NBR 9781: 2013 - Concrete Pavement Parts, light traffic, which is 35 Mpa, presenting at its best result 35.64 MPa at 21 days of cure.

The increase in solid waste generation has been an environmental, social and economic problem faced by contemporary society due to its inadequate disposal. In this way, solid waste management is a challenge for the various organizations involved, as public administration. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the solid waste management in the Novo river basin, located in the southwest portion of the state of Espírito Santo. The research was divided into two stages: 1) survey secondary data; 2) tabulation, organization and interpretation of the data. The conditions of solid waste management services in the basin have evolved in 2017, since the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plans are being finalized, the National Information System on Solid Waste is already finished, there are selective collection programs and disposal of solid waste in landfills. In addition, the degraded areas by the old dumps in the river basin are in the recovery process. It is necessary to expand the selective collection system in rural areas, and some municipalities need to fulfill some items of waste management.

The textile industry is now the second largest employer in Brazil, presenting great relevance in the national economy. The industry handles large quantities of inputs and raw materials, and has increased production influenced by the fast fashion trend, consequently generating large amounts of waste. The waste rate in the fashion and clothing industry reaches 15%. The present study presents the biodegradability of two textile fibers, cotton and polyester, analyzed in flat fabric. From these results, it is proven that, while natural fibers, such as cotton, are rapidly degraded in contact with the soil, synthetic fibers such as polyester are not degraded with ease, and the development of alternatives from natural renewable sources its valid. As an alternative, the formation of polymers from corn starch, with and without the addition of cotton fibrils, as well as its flexibility and the possibility of use as textile fiber, are studied.

This work presents the implementation of part of the Solid Waste Management Plan, being carried out at the Hydraulic Research Institute (IPH) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre / RS, regarding the management of batteries and batteries. Based on Law No. 12,305 /10 (BRAZIL 2010), which addresses among other principles and instruments introduced by the National Solid Waste Policy, imposing on the producer the responsibility for ensuring that the products will have ensured the return of the consumer to the production chain (REVERSE LOGISTICS). This work will guide new attitudes, actions, projects, etc. which will improve this management. Through data surveys and methodology defined in search of the best destination of batteries and batteries produced by IPH, together with the Environmental Education Program, aiming at a better training and awareness of the population that attends the Institute of Hydraulic Research. in relation to solid waste, its correct segregation, destination, and management in general, it will be possible to bring improvements to the community as a whole. Through this work there was a shipment of 32 kg of batteries for recycling.

The objective of this work is to develop a diagnosis and prognosis for the municipal solid waste management in the city of Passo Fundo/RS. Information about the quantity and gravimetric composition of the waste, ways of collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal, as well as the costs involved in managing, the projects and actions of the municipality and the projected future demands were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, technical visits and document analysis. The city generates an average of 4,778 t / month of MSW, selective collection is carried out in downtown and recyclable waste is sent for scavengers’ associations, the remainder is sent to a landfill in another city. Spending on the current MSW management system is approximately 6% of total expenditure of the municipality. The organic portion of the waste is not used and there is lack of environmental awareness and education programs.

The steady increase in population causes an increase in the different materials production. Thereby, the polymeric materials are highlighted by their chemical and mechanical resistance and by their low production costs. Polyethylene is the most found polymer in landfills and dumps, from this, it is important to develop new technologies which aim the decreasing of degradation time and the environmental impacts associated to its irregular disposal and the discovering of new natural pathways made by native microorganisms such as fungi and bacterial species. Given this, this study aimed to assess the biotic degradation of low-density polyethylene films in solid state (Petri dishes), considering their changes in morphological and physical properties by weight loss by the action of several fungi, collected and isolated from different substrates belonging to two different biomes, Pampa and Mata Atlântica, both located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Cassava starch has been successfully used in the industry for the manufacture of packages in substitution of conventional polymers. Besides being biodegradable, these packages can have their properties improved with the incorporation of agroindustrial residues, which reflects an environmental gain. This study aims to characterize raw materials used on the development of expanded structures based on cassava starch with incorporation of grape stalks, a residue from the wine industry. Starch and Cabernet Sauvignon stalks had their compositions analyzed. For cassava starch, the amylose content was 28%, and both the moisture and ash contents were below the maximum values established by Brazilian legislation. The Cabernet Sauvignon grape stalks had their chemical composition evaluated for moisture, protein, ash, crude fat, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents. The results showed that grape stalks can be considered a good source of fiber because of their composition of insoluble fiber (48%).

The population growth and ease the acquisition of electronic products have caused problems in relation to the final management of waste generated in the country. Little is known about the recycling of this equipment, so studies that cover the problem to minimize this waste class becomes increasingly relevant. Thus, this work aims to make a literature review on the challenges of sustainability on the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment. The research sample consisted of all literature related to the study subject, not using temporal limitation as the aim was to use the scientific literature on the subject over the years. It can be observed that the country had a breakthrough with the National Policy of Solid Waste, however, there is still lack of definition of the roles and responsibility of each of the actors involved in the generation of e-waste for proper disposal.

The waste pickers of solid waste play an important role for society and the environment, acting as real environmental agents, as they are responsible for separating, pressing and selling the materials to the companies that reuse these materials. In Caxias do Sul, there are about 13 associations that perform this function, with more than 300 workers. In this work, the sociodemographic characterization of the pickers will be compared, being linked to the project “Training and Support to the Activities of the Informal Waste Pickers of the Municipality of Caxias do Sul", comparing the data collected during Phase One and Phase Two of the project, evidencing what changes occurred in the socio-demographic profile of these workers, correlating with the current economic crisis and the changes in the world of work that occurred in recent years in Brazil. The results show that the current scenario of economic crisis and precariousness of work impacted on the sociodemographic profile of the waste pickers of this Municipality, increasing the percentage of young adults who entered this activity, in the same way, it was identified the increase of the turnover. It maintained the majority of women among its workers and had a slight increase in the degree of instruction of the category.

In the present work sought to analyze the importance of the work collector for the implementation of public policies, specifically those related to solid waste. For this purpose, a documentary research was carried out using the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) and the State Policy of Solid Waste of Rio Grande do Sul (PERS /RS), analyzing according to the following descriptors: waste collector and environment. From the analysis carried out one can perceive the recognition of the taster in the actions of management and shared responsibility, as well as in the management of solid waste and in the adoption of measures of reverse logic. It is also worth mentioning that the encouragement of the creation of associations and cooperatives of scavengers is an important strategy to be used to achieve the objectives proposed by such legislation, besides contributing to the economic and social development of the country.

This work is an extension of the research about areas suitable for the implantation of landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Recife – Pernambuco, Brasil – developed in 2016, which resulted in the creation of a geographic database with socioeconomic and environmental information of the region, and thematic maps showing the propensity of the areas to receive such a landfill. The objective is to generate a WebGIS with data and information collected and generated during working indicating areas suitable for the landfill of inert waste, using the ArcGIS Online® platform Esri Company, an extension of ArcGIS Desktop, which allows you to create and share content on the web. The WebGIS created allows to visualize maps, access data and information of tables, and perform spatial analysis on the internet setting up a support tool for research performed by the Science, Technology and Sustainability Research Group and for share knowledge with the general public.

The exorbitant amount of specimen produced by construction companies for resistance analysis of the types of concrete used in the works, a fact that can´t be changed, considering that companies are oriented to perform this type of technological control by NBR 12,655 ( ABNT, 2006), and knowing that , after these analyzes, the specimens are not properly destined or adequately disposed, this material are stored in inadequate and abandoned places, it is necessary to measure a possible purpose to these specimen after its analysis. One of the possible purposes is the use of this material in substitution of the gravel in the drainage layers of sanitary landfills, for that, was carried out tests of granulometry, resistance to compression and permeability, with specimens of 15 and 35 MPa. After analyzing the results, it was verified the feasibility of the use of this material as substitutes for mineral gravel in drainage layers of sanitary landfills.

The biofertilizer has been used as an alternative in the substitution of chemical products in crop cultivation. However, for this it is necessary to characterize these products, since when used incorrectly and in high concentrations they can hinder the growth of plants and cause salinization of the soil. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of the effluent generated by anaerobic digestion on the dry cress seedlings production (Lepidium sativum). Four digestates with distinct compositions (A, B, C and D) were analyzed. These digestates were diluted in different concentrations (100%, 50%, 10% and 1%) for determination of the phytotoxicity indexes. They were characterized as electrical conductivity and pH. With the phytotoxicity tests, interest dilutions were found. After the seedlings incubation period, phytometric tests were performed. The results showed that for the 100% and 50% dilutions the germination was not satisfactory. The best results were found with D1 and B1 treatments, respectively, which had a dry mass mean of 118% and 112% higher than the control. Thus, it is verified that the digestate can be used as a biofertilizer if its characterization is done before.

This article shows a diagnosis of the current situation of solid waste of 28 Rio Grande do Sul’ municipalities integrating the Decentralized Execution Term - TED of National Health Foundation – FUNASA made in partnership with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS. Were analyzed data collected during the elaboration of Municipal Sanitation Plans concerning of municipal legislation, gravimetric composition and selective collection, final disposition in urban and rural areas, composting practice, construction residue management, health and special services and collection attendance index. The absence of municipal legislation related to the theme in many municipalities, the very significant quantity of municipalities that disposes of their solid waste inadequately and the high population amount that does not yet possess collection show the lack of environmentally correct management. The importance of TED is in identifying these situations that are in disagreement with Law No. 12.305/2010-The National policy of solid waste-, and developing programs, projects and actions to improve the overall panorama of the municipalities of the state in this thematic.

The objective of this work was to prepare and characterize apple bagasse biofilms with potential use as packaging, obtained from the casting technique. It was used as the main raw material, the apple bagasse that comes from the apple processing for the production of juices, rich in pectin of high methoxylation content, the main agent formed from biofilms. The characterization of apple bagasse biofilms was performed through analysis of thickness, density, morphology, solubility, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, contact angle, degradation of biofilms buried in the soil. The concentration of citric acid in 10% (acid 10),20% (acid 20) and 30% (acid 30) (m / m) was varied only under the mass of apple pomace.With important properties such as, the tensile strength for Acid formulation30, was 3.13 ± 1.2 MPa and elongation of 46.3 ± 3.5%, low solubility, on average, of 17.21 ± 0.9% , and partial biodegradability in sixty days after contact with the soil .

The disposal of sludge from water treatment plants (WTP) is seen as one of the main problems in the management of this waste, having the need to investigate the treatment steps directing viable and efficient ways. In this way, this study sought to evaluate the flocculation of the sludge from the decanters of an WTP through unit dosages of anionic (P - 22) and cationic (P - 2900) polymers from 1 to 6 mg pol./g TS, as well as the influence of concentration of solids in the sludge samples at 0.5 and 1% by weight. The evaluations were made in relation to the turbidity removal of clarified water after sedimentation of the flakes. The results were satisfactory for concentrations of the polymer P-2900 flocculated with samples of sludge at 1% solids. For flocculation studies by the dual flocculation mechanism, the concentration of 1% solids in the sludge and proportional (1:1) dosages of 0.5 to 5 mg pol./gTS of the polymers P-2900 and P-22 were used. It was evaluated which order of addition of the polymer influenced the flocculation, with better results from the application of polymer P - 2900 followed by P - 22.

Industry waste is being tested for the manufacture of soil-cement bricks and this is an environmentally correct alternative that allows the recovery of these residues, allowing industry waste to return the production chain as new composites for incorporation of products instead of simply launching them in nature. In this work, the influence of the incorporation of ash from sugarcane bagasse ash, saw dust and PET in the physical and mechanical characterization of soil-cement bricks was analyzed. The results showed that the incorporation of the industrial residues (cane bagasse ash and saw dust) to the soil-cement brick maintained the general mechanical properties, also showed that the mechanical strength of some samples obtained structural performance allowing the production of bricks more efficient in the cost-benefit relation, constituting, therefore, an excellent alternative for the use of these materials.

Reverse Logistics can be defined as a strategic work for sustainable development through the reuse or return of products, packaging or materials from the production center. The objective of this work was to identify the challenges related to the progress of Reverse Logistics in the municipality of Mandaguari (PR) through the profile of the employees of the Association of Waste Disposers of Mandaguari (ACAMAN), and to analyze the main problems faced by those responsible for the segregation of materials. Therefore, a qualitative and exploratory research was carried out, through a case study at ACAMAN. The study involved research through interview and direct observation. The results showed that the majority of the employees were female (83.3%), aged between 26-35 (37.5%) and had only elementary school incomplete (66.6%). In the selective collection, only 5.2% of the districts did the proper separation of the residues and the total volume of recyclable wastes collected was 70 tons / month. The main problems of ACAMAN were identified as difficulties in organizational management related to material entry and financial organization. The association counts on prospecting actions to train managers, partnerships that enable investments in technologies for processing materials, adding value to the product. In addition to the dissemination of the process of selective collection and sensitization of the population against the importance of these activities for the socio-environmental development of the municipality.

The wood wastes are generated during the several stages of the wood manufacturing. In this work, wood flour wastes from Pinus elliottii (PIE) and Dipteryx odorata (DIP) were used to development composites with recycled polypropylene (PP). The main objective of this study is to compare the mechanical performance of composites using as reinforcement wood wastes from tropical specie (DIP) and temperate specie (PIE). The composites were obtained by twin screw extrusion and after injection molding. The results showed that the composites developed with DIP, which has a higher amount of extractives than the PIE, presented higher surface adhesion. The morphology of the fibers revealed that the DIP contains a greater amount of extractives in its surface which may indicate that the non-polar extractives may interacted with the matrix favoring the composite compatibilization. The composite mechanical performance with DIP was higher than that verified with the use of PIE, which corroborates the better interaction between fiber and matrix observed in the SEM micrographies for PP/DIP sample.

The main modalities of final disposal of Urban Solid Waste (RSU) used in Brazil are: landfill, controlled landfill and landfill, but only the last one is in accordance with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). The location chosen to operate a Landfill must meet technical and environmental criteria, as well as legal restrictions, preserving the environment and public health. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the final disposal points of the RSU of the municipalities located in the region of the Recôncavo of Bahia are in accordance with the locational criteria established by the legislation. The data were obtained using Geoprocessing tools. It was found that the situation of the location of the final disposal points of MSW, in general, is inadequate. The Landfill of the municipality of Cruz das Almas was the one that presented the worst situation, since besides being in the Permanent Preservation Area, it served only 50% of the criteria evaluated in this study. It was identified that the municipalities of Nazaré, Santo Amaro, Maragogipe and Salinas das Margaridas are disposing their residues in an irregular manner to the one established by the PNRS. The municipality of Muritiba met all the locational criteria evaluated, being thus located in an area able to host this type of activity. Finally, it can be inferred that the final disposal of MSW in the Recôncavo Baiano is a scenario of considerable potential for contamination of soil, water and air in the region, besides posing a risk to the health of the population.

There is a great concern in serving the tripod sustainability, economy and society, where the search for renewable resources, reduction of impacts, economic control and the development of society are constant goals. The present study has advantages when taking into account the application of natural technologies, and the previous study showed that it is possible to dye the cotton substrate with dye based on wine dregs through a dyeing process due to exhaustion, however with results of insufficient washability (change). This project suggests the application of the natural pigment of the wine slurry through a dyeing process by impregnation, where the driving force is the time and the mordant applied to the substrate to be dyed. As a final result, the project also aims to better train the actors involved through environmental education. These actors are scholarship holders, teachers, interested in the subject and society as a whole, through the dissemination of knowledge.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the valuation of the filleting residues of the abrótea fish through the manufacture of flour. The study consisted of two methods of dehydration, consisting of T1 (oven dehydration) and T2 (microwave dehydration), with four replicates per treatment. It was analysed the moisture content, ashes, nitrogen and crude protein. The results showed that the production of flour is a tool to valuate the residues from the filleting of abrótea fish and is an important source of protein and minerals and can be used in animal feed. The microwave oven method can be used in the preparation of flour because it does not alter the crude protein content and is more advantageous than oven because it accelerates the dehydration process of the fish waste.

This study presents deals with legal aspects of pruning, the problem of the lack of adequate management of this type of waste in small municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and technical and organizational alternatives to optimize the management, valuing and allocating these wastes in a more noble way. This article is the result of a first impression and presents part of the result of the participatory technical diagnosis performed by the municipalities and technical staff of UFRGS. The participative technical diagnosis integrates the extension project developed between UFRGS, FUNASA and municipalities that compose the 1st stage of the Decentralized Execution Term, destined to qualify municipal officials and advise to elaborate Municipal Plans of Basic Sanitation.

Having a successful municipal solid waste management plan depends mainly on knowing two characteristics of waste: its generation and composition. To plan a long-term waste management system for municipalities it is necessary to elaborate a prognostic on the future waste generation. Literature on this subject points to different aspects influencing per capita solid waste generation. Thus, this study aimed at performing a wide research on which topics influence solid waste generation, and the characteristics that need to be evaluated to propose a mathematical equation to calculate future waste generation. The method used was research with specific key-words on national and international articles published on three different data bases: Capes, Scielo and Science Direct. As results, it was found that the main factors related to waste generation prediction are population and per capita income. Others aspects, such as education level and consumer behavior were also pointed important on the amount of waste generated and its composition. In conclusion, to elaborate prognostic models predicting future waste generation, it is necessary to know demographic characteristics of the region of study, as well as having available data on socio-economic status of the population analyzed.

Vermicomposting is a sustainable technique, which aims at the reuse of organic waste for the production of a vermicompost (organic fertilizer) through the use of earthworms. The objective of this work was the operation of a small scale vermicomposting system. For that, it is necessary to know the ideal conditions for the development of the technique such as temperature, humidity, aeration, C / N relation, which characteristics the residues used should present, as well as the best way to perform it and generate optimal results. Plastic vermireatores were developed and the residues used were selected from the University Restaurant UTFPR of Medianeira. The organisms used were of the genus Eisenia ssp. At the end, a vermicompost was obtained with dark coloration and granular appearance. The experiment made possible the development of a vermicomposting workshop at the 35th SEURS in Foz do Iguaçu. The intention is to expand and disseminate the technique even more through mini-courses and workshops for the academic and external community, since vermicomposting has favorable results, with low labor and operating costs, including the possibility of profit with a lower environmental impact.

In the modern society of the biggest challenges is the correct destination of solid waste, that is, waste from consumer product manufacturing activities. The growth of consumption also leads to greater generation of waste by the industries. The responsibility of the companies for an increased waste management, due to the consumer being more demanding in relation to the companies that produce their products, allowing less environmental degradation, both in production, distribution, non-consumption and final disposal. In view of the above, the objective of this work is presented as the presentation of processes to prepare a Waste Management Plan in a Brewery in the state of Paraná.

The beer manufacturing process produces expressive quantity of malt bagasse, which is currently discarded by the beer industry causing a serious problem to the same. In this context, the use of this by-product on the development of new products can be a promising alternative, and the objective of this work was elaborating a honey bread added with malt bagasse and assessing the centesimal composition of the bagasse and the honey bread. When determining the centesimal composition, the results show the higher content of ashes 2.37% and protein 6,59 % to the malt bagasse of this work, as well as 3.78% of fiber to the honey bread added of malt bagasse and the lower percentage of carbohydrates (15.25%) when compared to the commercial one. These results show that the malt bagasse can be a promising source to the development of new products and use of malt bagasse, preventing the discarded of these residues in the environment.

The rapid growth of urbanization, economics and technology results in changes in the lifestyle and the population consumption. These modifications resulted in greater production of solid waste, with the need to provide a solution for the treatment or use of such waste. Currently the residue of dimethylformamide from distillation is incinerated, a costly and highly damaging process for the environment. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology of characterization of dimethylformamide residue from distillation, incorporate it into the soil and evaluate its effects through growth of millet. The methodology comprised research and evaluation of previous studies conducted in Venezuela in order to propose a method of characterization of this residue. From this, it is proposed to perform ash and metal content and to subject the residue to infrared tests, mass spectrometry, gas chromatography and atomic absorption. It will also be determined pH, and samples of acid, alkaline and neutral soil. After this adjustment, the residue will be incorporated in the proportions 0, 10, 15 and 20% in the soil. Will be done physical fractionation of the soil and after the growth of millet, the soil will be characterized by pH, organic matter, capacity of exchange of cations, nitrogen and phosphorus. The activity of edaphic microbiota will be evaluated by the rate of respiration of the soil. In the millet will be evaluated the production of green and dry mass and measured the height of the plant. It is expected that the incorporation of the residue into small proportions does not affect the growth of millet and millet growth, making it a more sustainable alternative.

The amount of waste generated in a country is related to social and technological development. It is expected that the rate of municipal solid waste generation increase to 2.2 billion tons a year by 2025 in all over the world. Angra dos Reis is the second most populous municipality in the southern region of Rio de Janeiro, generates approximately 200 tonnes/day of MSW. Therefore, this study aimed to present an alternative to mitigation of urban solid waste (USW) deposited in the landfill of Ariró with emphasis on reuse of biogas energy generated on the same, associated with the thermochemical process that uses the slow pyrolysis rotating drum. The study showed that the methodology evaluated presented himself to be a good alternative for electric power generation, obtaining carbon credits and reduction of GHG emissions (greenhouse gases) and replace the need for power generation from sources not renewable, favoring the diversification of brazilian energy matrix.

This article aims to establish a reflection on the benefits generated by society and nature from a recycling program, developed in Ceará, by the electric power company Enel, where solid waste is exchanged for bonuses in the electricity bill of the customers participating in the project. program and whose applicability meets the precautionary principle, whose relevance is extremely important in the context of the preservation of natural resources and people's quality of life.

Among the environmental problems encountered in cities, solid waste is one of the main challenges for urban environmental sustainability. This problem occurs by the accumulation of waste, which has no place and adequate treatment. The final disposal and irregular deposition of solid wastes are intensely related to soil and water pollution. Therefore, the objective of this work was to diagnose and georeferentiate the irregular deposition sites of the municipal solid waste in Current-PI. The methodology used was based on the survey and characterization of solid urban waste, with visits in loco and photographic survey of the main points of solid waste deposition, and the georeferencing of the identified points in the municipality. NBR 10.004 / 87 was used as a criterion for the regularity of the waste provisions. The study identified 53 points of irregular waste deposition by the municipality, concentrating in its greater quantity in places where the outbreaks of the irregular deposits of urban solid waste in the municipality were in vacant lots. Solid urban waste was divided into: paper / cardboard, plastic, glass, metal, organic matter, construction waste and pruning. Therefore, it was observed that the main types of waste, inadequately disposed, are construction waste and paper / cardboard. However, the lack of environmental awareness of the population stands out as one of the main reasons for this irregular accumulation, since in the municipality no means of mobilization and sensitization are developed regarding the functions of environmental education.

The present study reports the evaluation of the energy potential of the gas obtained from the gasification of the polymer fraction contained in the waste (PFW) of the process of sorting the selective collection system of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of the municipality of Garibaldi - RS. The PFW was characterized as its gravimetric composition. The gasification tests were conducted at 900 ° C in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. From the results of the gasification experiments with water vapor as a gasification agent it was possible to estimate the generation of approximately 1.8 MW of electric energy from the processing of all the PFW generated in the Serra Gaúcha region.

The great increase in consumerism results in an increase in RS in which most of them do not receive a technically adequate final treatment or disposal, thus causing that waste to be disposed of inappropriately, causing several damages to the environment and the health of the public. In this aspect, the objective of the present work was to diagnose the final disposal area of solid waste (RS) in the municipality of Corrente - Piaui. For the development of the study, an on-site visit was carried out in order to identify the environmental impacts through the Check-List and Ad-Hoc methodology (spontaneous method). It can be seen that 93.33% of the impacts listed in the table above only 6.66% which corresponds to the generation of employment are of positive value. However, on-site working conditions are precarious and pose a great risk of accidents and contamination. The same 93.33% are significant. According to the incidence 46.66% cause direct and indirect impacts, 20% indirectly and 33.33% directly. Even with the amount of solid waste deposited in the area only 13.33% of the impacts do not have the possibility of being irreversible. The municipality of Corrente-PI presents difficulties in relation to solid waste management. Because of this dump is located in the rural area, in an area of native vegetation, it is extremely important that management be adapted to mitigate the consequences that the installation can cause.

The use of natural resources can generate environmental impacts when associated with obtaining raw materials, energy expenditure in industrial processes, transportation and marketing of products. As a result, human activity generates waste, which is rarely recycled or reused. In the composition of these wastes, there are many materials from the construction industry called Civil Construction’s Residues. In this context, the aim of the present research is characterizing red ceramic tile residues from the disposal of works and deposits, to associate these residues, as raw materials, to synthesize an alternative binder. The present work evaluated residue samples from five brands of red ceramic tile by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). By the results obtained, characteristic peaks of silica (SiO2) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) were observed. Thus, it is concluded that such wastes can be recycled to produce alternative binders.

As a result of the misuse of natural resources effected by human action, breaking the old but disturbing paradigm of an inexhaustible environment is the key to the issue addressed in this paper. In this context, the main objective of this work is to study the feasibility of the implementation of a composting system, based on selective collection of the organic solid waste generated at the 2nd Engineering Group Headquarters in the city of Manaus. level of perception of the military collaborators of the restaurant of the 2nd Engineering Group in relation to Environmental Education and the Composting System, as a viable tool in the balance between man and nature; it was also proposed the training of 20 restaurant staff for Composting practice, and lastly, not least the research sought to recognize the importance of actions and benefits gained through practices on composting systems, from the selective collection of waste as a viable form of sustainability.

Dengue is the most important vector-borne arbovirose affecting man today, with over 100 countries with billions of people exposed. Dengue epidemics are responsible in the world and in Brazil, for thousands of cases and deaths annually. The educational strategies that are being used, almost always, act superficially and do not contribute in a significant way to the changing habits of life of the population. The objective of this study was to investigate and promote educational actions in health for dengue prevention and control. The work was done through a documentary research, which used data referring from 2010 to June / 2017, coming from the Municipal Secretary of Health of the municipality of Iranduba. Through the analyzes, it was noticed that the cases of dengue increased significantly in the periods studied. It is suggested that a work of environmental education be carried out with educational health actions with residents of the municipality of Iranduba in order to solve the problem in question.

The continuous search for development of cities brings with it several problematic issues which affect direct and indirectly the human health and environment. Among these issues, it is worth stressing the tropospheric pollution that is extremely harmful. The following work made a comparison of the effects of this type of pollution in the cities of Belém and Bragança. It was noted that, although Belém and Bragança apresent their singularities and the capital of Pará has the biggest population contingent, vehicle fleet and área, the urban growth in both cities entail similar issues, with close scales or even bigger ones, when compared. This shows that the tropospheric air pollution is no longer an exclusive problem of major metropolises, which reiterates the need of adopt preventive and remedy measures in all the social contexts.

To maintain their health, humans need an adequate Basic Sanitation. The set consisting of potable water supply, sanitary sewage collection system, solid waste collection system and rainwater drainage system form the basic principles to maintain good hygiene and prevent the population from several diseases. Among the four items in the Basic Sanitation, drinking water deserves to be highlighted, and should be made available to all, following the minimum standards required by national legislation. The present study aimed to characterize the quality of drinking water collected in the artesian wells of the case study municipality, belonging to Vale do Caí - RS, after its treatment, in relation to the parameters: apparent and true color, turbidity, active chlorine, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the water catchment, treatment and distribution system, of the studied municipality, meets the needs of the community. The average of the analyzed parameters, in relation to the monitoring of the residences, was similar, except in the turbidity parameter. Therefore, there is a water framework in the potability standard of Portaria 2.914. (BRAZIL, 2011).

In order to verify compliance with the parameters of the current legislation, the water quality of reservoirs in the homes of a municipality located in Vale do Rio dos Sinos/RS was investigated. Water quality control data were obtained with the sanitation company from 2010 to 2015. They were submitted to a statistical analysis of the ANOVA and Tukey test, aiming to evaluate the water quality in the distribution network. To evaluate the quality of the water from domestic reservoirs, samples were collected in the neighborhoods from two districts of the studied municipality, to compare the results with water from the utility network. The perception of the inhabitants about the quality of the water distributed was collected, and questions about the maintenance of the reservoirs were collected. The results obtained demonstrate compliance with the national potability legislation. However, some neighborhoods presented average values of turbidity above the limit. Regarding the maintenance of the reservoirs, 6% said they did not know the need for cleaning, 53% said they cleaned their reservoirs at a frequency of 6 months and 35% said they cleaned each year, 12% did not know how to respond or do not clean. The water treatment of the municipality is being efficient in the adequacy to the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water. It was possible to observe that the stagnation of the water inside the reservoirs contributes to the reduction of residual chlorine, offering a risk of contamination to the water.

According to the State Data Analysis Foundation, the rural areas are generally classified as areas of high social vulnerability, which highlight, among other problems, those related to access to basic health structures, sanitation and education. This study aims to characterize the environmental sanitation conditions of the countryside of Porto Feliz by assessing local conditions of water supply, sanitation, education of the residents, hygiene and basic sanitation through interviews and surveys in situ. The results obtained to date, indicate that the water of the wells used for drinking by the residents, does not meet the microbiological parameter stipulated by Ordinance 2914/11-ANVISA/MS, so not being able to be consumed without prior disinfection. The interviews and visits in the countryside indicate that the level of education and is still precarious sanitary conditions which would raise the risk of local health problems.

Pigeons (Columba lívia) are the most adapted animals in urban centers and pose a risk to health, as they present parasites that can be transmitted to humans, causing diseases. The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of parasites in pigeon faeces in Praça Dante Alighieri, central area of the city of Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil. During the period from August to November 2017, freshly discarded stool samples were collected using sterilized wooden spatulas and placed in sterile plastic pots. The analyzes were carried out at the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Center for the Knowledge of Life Sciences, University of Caxias do Sul. The Ritchie methods of sedimentation by centrifugation and Faust of flotation were used for diagnosis. The prevalence of parasites was 94.1%. The parasite with the highest incidence was the Eimeria spp com (100.0%), followed by the helminths Capillaria spp (81.25%), Ascaris spp (43.75%), nematode larvae (18.75%) and Echinuria spp (6.25%). Although the detected parasites are bird-like, current conditions of immunocompromising in humans may allow the invasion of these microorganisms in humans opportunistically, thus making them potentially pathogenic. With the presence of protozoa and helminths in the excreta of pigeons, in public places in the city of Caxias do Sul, it is necessary to adopt measures of prevention to the people that attend these places and, mainly, the use of protection by workers who perform hygienization of these environments to minimize contamination.

Good quality water conditions for human consumption are essential to avoid public health problems. Ensuring the supply of drinking water is achieved through water treatment technologies, which requires constant monitoring of the efficiency of these systems. In this context, the quality of treated water from public water supply systems in the Itabapoana river basin, located in the southern state of Espírito Santo, was evaluated. The research was divided into two stages: 1) survey of the conditions of supply coverage, water treatment stations and monitoring campaigns; 2) data tabulation, organization and interpretation. It was verified that although the coverage of the public water supply system has reached urban service levels consistent with the access to potable water universalization, the system still requires improvements in water treatment, considering that most of the water treatment plants do not accord to the drinking standard.

Air pollution is a serious public health problem, since a large portion of the population is affected. This article is an exploratory and bibliographical research with the purpose of verifying the incidence of respiratory problems in schoolchildren of the municipality of Vitória do Jari, in the state of Amapá. The study reverts to a line of research of significant relevance, since there is no record of academic studies in the municipality that are driven by this theme of air pollution and health of public school students. 185 questionnaires were applied to students aged 10 to 17 years, from Munguba do Jari College, the choice of school was due to the fact that its location is close to one of the points of point pollution. As results, it was noticed that some cases of hospitalizations may be directly related to air pollution present in the municipality. However, there were no data available on hospital admissions, as the Secretary of Health of the municipality in question, did not pass on these data.

Agrochemicals are used in agricultural production, but use puts farmers at the risk of acute and chronic poisoning. The objective is analyze signs and symptoms of acute intoxication, by sex, presented by farmers and the measures adopted in view of the clinical manifestations. This is a field survey, of interviews with 55 rural workers in the city of Vacaria (RS), are partial data. In between signs and symptoms presented by farmers stands out headache and muscle spasms reported by 56%. Of these, 66.7% of cases of headache and 77.7% of cases of muscular spasms are presented by females. Of the total, 16.4% if self-medicate and seek health care, and 14.5% seek the health service directly. The clinical manifestations most cited by farmers were: headache and muscle spasms, with prevalence in females.

The indiscriminate use of agrochemicals affects human health, causing acute or chronic intoxication and affecting the environment. The objective of this study is to identify, through medical records, the effects/symptoms occurred in the Gastrointestinal Tract, of the rural workers and their dependents, due the possible use/contact with pesticides. It is a documentary research with the analysis of 173 medical records of farmers and dependents who consulted in the Salaried and Rural Labourer's Union of Vacaria and Muitos Capões, in between 2015 to 2017. Constitutes a cut-off of the research "The use of pesticides and farmers' health: an analysis from epidemiological indicators" approved in the CEP number 47161415.3.0000.5341. The data contained in the records were extracted and transferred to an Excel spreadsheet, treated by descriptive statistics, and presented in table form. The effects/symptoms presented between farmers and their dependents were: abdominal pain, colic, nausea, vomiting, gastritis/gastroenteritis, diarrhea, inappetence, constipation, dyspepsia, difficulty to evacuate and blazing in the stomach. 73.84% were women and 26.16% were men. Only 1.2% of the cases were diagnosed as exogenous intoxication, characterizing a deficit in the recognition of these intoxications. It was concluded that the effects/symptoms most frequently was abdominal pain (59.59%), gastritis/gastroenteritis (56.58%) and colic (19.74%). A deficit was perceived in the recognition of possible exogenous intoxications, with only 1.2% of diagnosed cases, although many records show the presence of symptoms characteristic of intoxication.

Climate change can be understood as any change in climate over the years due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. This change reflects the impact of socioeconomic and cultural processes, such as population growth, urbanization, industrialization and increased consumption of natural resources and the demand on biogeochemical cycles. An important discussion in the academic environment on climate refers to the increase of greenhouse gases, mainly the concentration of CO2, originating from the air pollution. Besides this component, the presence of the fine particulate matter in the air is highlighted, being one of the major responsible for the adverse effects on the health of the population. Protecting the health of the population under the hottest future climates will require regulatory interventions, primarily reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The water consumption from fountains by population is part of popular culture, mostly in inland cities and rural areas. Because of the various anthropogenic polluting activities, many of these natural water sources are contaminated and unsuitable for human consumption. The present study aims to verify the physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics that determine the water potability according to the Ordinance 2914 of 2011 of the Ministry of Health. The collection and analysis of samples of water from the Bica do Chafariz followed the standards set by the American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation-APHA. All trials were conducted in triplicate for the period 2013 to 2017. The results showed that the Bica do Chafariz is unfit for human consumption, since it presents values greater than the maximum allowed for nitrate, heterotrophic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli.

The evaluations on the use and management of agrochemicals in the agricultural production area carried out in 12 municipalities in the north and northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul detected legal irregularities, environmental damages and in the health area. These municipalities, in essence, are made up of small farms with an average area of 21.5 hectares that are linked to obtaining incomes through a harvest that mainly involves soybean and corn crops in summer and wheat and oats in the winter, as well as raising animals for milk production or confinement for meat production (animal protein) through swine and poultry farming activities. However, the properties visited are a representative sample of the properties of each municipality, they present a high index of individuals who did not receive any qualification for the use and handling of pesticides (38%), which entails not completing Federal Law 9,974 of 1999 , in relation to the triple washing of the packages and their correct destination after the use and, even more serious, the owner and his family present high indexes of symptoms of intoxication by the use of agrochemicals.

This work discusses the importance of the treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals, especially by chromium metal. Electrokinetic remediation was used as treatment technique, evaluating the influence of the application of different values for electric field and remediation time. In the study, the acetic acid was used as electrolyte and the experiment was carried out in an electrokinetic reactor. The best results observed were 92% remediation of the chromium ion and 9.6 W / h of energy consumption.

Highly used as anticorrosive treatment and for paints anchorage, conversion coatings such as chromates and phosphates are widely applied in metal substrates. However, it is known that chromatization causes environmental problems due to the toxicity of its compounds and the generation of difficult-to-treat effluents. In order to replace the chromatization process, environmentally correct technologies such as nanoceramic coatings and silanes present great potential. The present work evaluates the influence of the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) coating when combined with the nanoceramic conversion coating from hexafluorzirconium acid on galvanized steel in the protection against corrosion, as compared to the chromatised with trivalent chromium. The coatings were evaluated when first deposited nanozirconium followed by TEOS in different stages of immersion, and when both were deposited in a single step with 24 h of hydrolysis of the immersion solution. The electrochemical behavior of the samples was evaluated by the analysis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and the corrosion resistance was evaluated through the wet chamber accelerated analysis, in order to determine the best coating considering a set of parameters.

In this work, a methodology was developed to selectively recover the most abundant metals contained in electronics residues from printed circuit boards previously mechanic treated. The applied methodology considers electroleaching and electrodeposition steps. Sulfuric acid solution was used because is a common electrolyte in electrodeposition of Cu, Zn and Sn metals, didn’t significantly solubilize the Pb. The process parameters applied voltage, current and electrolyte composition were selected to allow the selective removal of elements. First, the recovery of the tin was carried out due good reaction in H2SO4 and selectivity deposit result; then copper recovery bath was modified using the same tin bath with the addition of CuSO4 catalyst; and finally a zinc specific bath was used. Considering in large scale, this method proved to be viable due selectivity, and energy costs and the damage to environment are almost null.

Yttrium (Y) is a Rare Earth Element (REE) and has extensive applications due its physicochemical properties. It is used, mainly, in phosphor of fluorescent lamps, in flat panel displays and as lasers. Moreover, yttrium is a critical row material, and there is a concern about the extraction and recovery of this element to fulfill the demand of the world consumption. However, facing a large availability in the Earth surface of yttrium ores, and due to the high environmental and energetic impact of conventional mining process, arises the mining by electric field assisted. The aim of this technique is to use electrokinetics phenomena to reduce energetic and environmental impact. The aim of this work is to prove the electric field efficiency for yttrium extraction, to that end, it has faced data from yttrium concentration in the electrolyte in two cases: under electric field applied and without electric field. It has applied a potential difference of 12.001 ± 0.005 V between electrodes inside the sandy soil, with a current density of 0.12 ± 0.01 mA cm-2, using acetic acid 0.1 M as electrolyte. In the both cases there was charge mobility, nevertheless only in the first case occurred a significant Y3+ transport from cathodic to anodic chamber, with 316 % of extraction efficiency.

Microcontaminants presence in surface water has become increasingly frequent. The work objective was development of element through the coating of polystyrenes beads so that it can be used as adsorbent element in the removal of these elements from the water. Two methods of coating the polystyrene beads with iron oxide were used to adsorb these micro contaminants from the water. The coating was evaluated through the chemical iron extraction, analysis by scanning electron microscopy and BET analysis. The methodology that presented the best coating was the one that used the ferric chloride. The spheres covered by this methodology should be used for adsorption tests contaminants and their possible removal.

In search of a more sustainable development, the recycling of waste has been highlighted as one of the main alternatives to preserve the resources and, also, to promote the economy in the processes. In the stages of sewage treatment, a residue was identified with the possibility of reuse in the expansion works of sewage network and other civil construction works: the sand. In this scenario, we have evaluated studies already done on the subject to analyze the viability of the reuse of the sand extracted in the Sewage Treatment Plants (ETE) in the civil construction, through its treatment, since it is a contaminated waste. The three studies analyzed presented different methodologies, but the main objective was to establish procedures for the elimination of pathogenic sand microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and helminth eggs. Besides, they evaluated the granulometric composition and organic matter content, fundamental items in the small aggregate specification. The results showed that the proposed treatments were efficient for such objectives, demonstrating the viability of replacing the commercial sand with the sand extracted from the ETE after treatment.

Landscapes have a dimension that must be considered both in their natural and cultural. Conservation are a local responsibility, but we can all contribute to it if we find a way to share the costs, to share the beauty and enjoy that nature and culture can provide us. LandsCare is a free smart-phone application and website that links the natural, ecological and cultural information on every valuable location in a rural territory, any traveler can have a better understanding of it and contribute to its preservation. The other objective of this tool is to create relationships and links of all kinds between those living in the same territory towards a shared project: to add value to the territory together. This article explains the use of LandsCare as a tool to create a collaborative framework using the new environmental technologies to contribute to recognise landscapes as an essential component of people’s surroundings; to establish and implement policies aimed at landscape protection, management and planning and help local people to be “citizens of their landscapes”, meaning to use landscapes sustainably and obtaining fair rewards from doing so, according to the basic principle of subsidiarity. We hope that LandsCare can provide an easy to use and apply tool that can make little changes but a worldwide scale.

For the photocatalytic degradation of NOx in the gas phase, a reactor was developed to which a photocatalytic coated gypsum material coated with commercial name Fotosan® was incorporated. The UV radiation intensity was evaluated as the operational parameter of the reactor performance. The conversion rates were studied for different radiation intensities (10 and 20 W m-2). The test with intensity of 20 W m-2 obtained higher kinetic value than the intensity of 10 W m-2. The results suggest that the intensity of UV radiation has an important influence on the reaction rate of photocatalytic degradation.

For the photocatalytic degradation of the nitric oxide (NO) in the gas phase, a reactor was developed to which a photocatalytic coating material was coated with Fotosan® commercial name. The flow velocity was evaluated as an operational parameter of reactor performance. Conversion rates were studied for different masses of photocatalysts. The "Fotosan A" sample produced a 75% conversion at a rate of 0.419 mg min-1 m-2. The results suggest that the gas flow intensity has a significant influence on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency, and loss of photocatalytic activity with the reduction of turbulence has been observed.

Based on the recognized effectiveness of photocatalysis on the inactivation of microorganisms, the bactericidal activity of a layer of photocatalytic paint (UV-A/TiO2 – 0.25 mW cm-2) was evaluated. Therefore, the bactericidal activity of the photocatalytic coating was evaluated with strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic action of the paint coating was effective against strains of E. coli and S. aureus, with 99.98% and 99.79% photoinitiation, respectively. This technology therefore has the potential to provide a powerful tool in the fight against the transmission of infections.

The processing of soybeans, one of the main crops in Brazil, generates large amounts of a residue called soybean molasses, which is rich in sugars. The aim of this work was to evaluate soybean molasses as a substrate for ethanol production through fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The experiments were carried out in airlock flasks and, throughout the fermentation process, the total sugars content was measured. In the end, the yield of ethanol production was determined. The results showed that, after eight days, the fermentation process ended, where no changes in the total sugar content were observed. In addition, the yield in ethanol production was calculated to be in the order of 45%. Therefore, from the obtained results, it is noticed that the soybean molasses can be used in the production of ethanol in a satisfactory way.

Na indústria sucroalcooleira é gerada grande quantidade de resíduos, com destaque para o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. O bagaço hidrolisado, em função da presença de fontes de carbono fermentescíveis, consiste em alternativa de matéria-prima a ser utilizada em cultivos microbianos para a produção de 2,3-butanodiol (2,3-BDO), contribuindo, também, para a gestão racional de resíduos nestas indústrias. Microrganismos anaeróbios facultativos do gênero Enterobacter são relatados como produtores de 2,3-BDO, composto usado como intermediário químico na indústria petroquímica. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e formação de 2,3-BDO por Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 em meios de cultura sintéticos, contendo xilose e glicose, com intuito de simular a utilização de hidrolisados lignocelulósicos. Os ensaios foram realizados em agitador de bancada, usando meio mineral suplementado com mistura de glicose e xilose ou com o uso isolado das referidas fontes de carbono. Foi observada a influência da concentração de xilose e glicose sobre o desenvolvimento microbiano. Dentre as condições avaliadas, o crescimento celular e produção de 2,3-BDO foram superiores com o uso de açúcares puros, sendo atingido cerca de 25 e 18 g/L de BDO com glicose e xilose, respectivamente. Com o uso de diferentes concentrações da mistura de açúcares, foi observada pequena variação na produção de BDO, em média 8,5 g/L. Embora preliminares, os resultados indicam a metabolização de pentoses, além de hexoses, por E. aerogenes, sendo necessária, entretanto, a avaliação do balanço de carbono no meio de cultivo a fim de favorecer o processo microbiano global.

Searching for alternative processes for the effluents treatment, this work studied the application of one process of coagulation / flotation concentrate with Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds, for the effluent treatment originated from car washes and oil changes with the goal of reducing the initial values of oils and greases (TOG) for after water reuse, verifying the water final quality. The effluent was submitted to the proposed treatment, using different concentrations of the moringa seeds dust. The results of the present study show that the treatment procedure can be applied on the effluent treatment originated from car washes and oil changes of the automotive manufactories of Tabuleiro do Norte, Ceará State. In the coagulation / flotation concentrate treatments performed, using Moringa extracts in saline and aqueous mediums, was possible to conclude that moringa was more efficient in the oil removal on a 97% saline medium, using only 0,5 mL.L-1 of this coagulant. On aqueous medium, it presented a significant removal of 72%, using 2,5 mL.L-1. This way, it was possible to demonstrate that the moringa seeds are efficient coagulants on the oil removal in water and can be used on the treatment of this pollutant.

Water is a natural resource of great economic value and its eminent scarcity has led the industrial sector to seek alternatives to reduce consumption and to invest in practices for water reuse. Cooling towers are common equipment in chemical and petrochemical industrial plants presenting a high demand of water for make up. In the present work, the technical feasibility of using rainwater complementarily to treated water for the make up of a cooling tower was evaluated. The analytical results evidence the use of rainwater instead of treated water is possible without any increase in the chemical treatment of the recirculating water. In this study, an energy reduction was identified.

In recent years, the frequency of natural disasters has increased and consequently their social, material and environmental impacts. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the association of techniques of Geographic Information Systems and logistic regression in the identification of areas with probability of landslides, taking as a case study the municipality of Novo Hamburgo/RS. The method consists in the use of four independent variables (slope, geology, pedology and land use) and a binary variable, related to the occurrence of landslides, for the construction of a logistic regression model. The result is the spatialization of a sliding probability map, which obtained 87.3% of the correctly sorted pixels. In a comparative analysis with the data obtained by the Geological Survey of Brazil, the model was also efficient, obtaining a quantitatively identical area, totaling an area of 3.3% of the study area.

Catalytic ozonation has been proposed as an alternative for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater, being effective in environmental decontamination, reducing total organic carbon (TOC) and toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of toxicity removal of a synthetic petrochemical wastewater through the use of catalytic ozonation process, using goethite (GO), hematite (HE) and hematite impregnated with copper (HECu-10) as catalysts. The catalysts were evaluated for catalytic activity aiming at reducing TOC and resulted in the following order of catalytic activity: HECu-10 > GO = HE. The catalysts obtained were characterized using BET surface area, XRD, TEM and elemental composition. HE and HECu-10 catalysts were used in the acute toxicity studies. HECu-10 is more toxicity than HE due the presence of copper. The toxicity of the treated wastewater was 20% less than the non-catalytic reaction. About 2% of Cu was leached after 360 min of reaction, proving good stability and a viable alternative for application in catalytic ozonation.

With urban population growth and the reduction of vegetated areas in large cities, it is necessary to insert new technologies that mitigate the impacts caused by the construction of new buildings. The use of green roofs in urban centers can be a great ally in combating the greenhouse effect, the heat islands and increase the quality of air and water. Given this scenario, this research aims to evaluate the implementation of green roofs in the city of Boa Vista/RR from the use of a prototype with this type of coverage, and the use of materials found in the local market. Thus, we evaluated the benefits generated by its use, through tests and computer simulations (GreenRoof software) for retaining rainwater and the temperature for thermal comfort in the environment, being them compared to a type of coverage traditionally used in the country, the roof of cement. At the end of this study it was concluded that although initial investment (R$ 226,38 per m²), is a viable project, which provides a 43% reduction in runoff generated by rain and a decrease of until 4 °C in the internal temperature of the environment. The results will subsidize the local construction industry to implement sustainable techniques in the city of Boa Vista/RR.

This research aimed to analyze the technical, economic and environmental feasibility to implement a collection system and low-cost rainwater storage in popular residences. For this, a prototype was built using low-cost materials obtained in the local market. The study of this area of research was the Residential Cruviana, which has 1000 residences. Due to the unavailability of a residence for the installation of the prototype for the analysis of the operation, it was installed in Bloco V of the Universidade Federal de Roraima between October 20 and November 03, 2014. Based on the prototype's performance and the estimative calculations, it can be concluded that the prototype system has a low manufacturing cost (R$ 501,07) if compared with the value of the residence (R$ 47.560,00), and a reduction in the hydraulic load given to the drainage system of 12.21%, showing an operating potential quite satisfactory for a future installation in Residential Cruviana.

The bibliographical research environmental technologies, under the focus of paradigms and reason to act, aims to explore the technology and environmental dichotomy as the theme that needs more research to be learned. The research is relevant because it investigates the different denominations of what have been published as ways to deal with the environment rationally, to raise interest in further studies and research on technologies for the environment. The discussions presented in this article are the result of a bibliographical review of themes that are part of the environmental complexity of the 21st century, such as sustainability, sustainable development, economy and environment, sustainable society and environmental economics.

Doping of titanium dioxide with samarium and graphene oxide by hydrothermal method was studied. Amount of samarium was varied between 0.1% and 1.2%. The best photocatalytic activity was obtained with 0.7% of samarium. A synergistic effect is observed when co-doping with graphene oxide (5%GO-0.7%Sm/P25), achieving 100% of methylene blue removal, with a reaction rate 5.5 times greater than P25. The better performance is due to the high adsorption capacity of graphene oxide and the reduction of the electronic recombination by the presence of samarium. Samarium allows a more efficient electronic separation in its 4f orbital and the graphene oxide accelerates it.

The knowledge of some thermophysical properties are fundamental for the design of evaporators for the recycling of ionic liquids (LI). To evaluate the rheological behavior of the pure ionic liquids and their aqueous solutions, a concentric cylinder viscometer was used, in the temperature range of 293.15-323,15 K and mass fractions of LI of 0.25-1. The results obtained were very satisfactory, since the models proposed for viscosity were able to adequately describe the water mixture with the 04 LIs studied. The viscosity decreases with increasing anionic chain. The 2HDEAA being the most viscous and the 2HDEAP is the least viscous. The four LIs exhibit similar behavior when water is added to the system. The addition of only 15% water to the pure LI causes a reduction of approximately 90% in the viscosity value. It is also seen that above 323.15 K the 04 LIs have viscosities relatively close to each other.

This work reports experimental data on the density of aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (IL) derived from diethanolamine (DEOA) of cationic bases and acetic, propionic, butanoic and pentanoic acids. The density analyzes were performed in a digital densitometer suitable for liquid density measurements, in the temperature range of 293.15-323.15 K and mass fractions of LI of 0.25-1. The results obtained were quite satisfactory, since the proposed models were able to adequately describe the water mixture with the 04 LIs studied. The density decreases with the increase of the anionic chain as it increases with the increase of the cationic chain being the 2HDEAA the most dense and the 2HDEAPe the less dense. The density also increases with the increase of the mass fraction of LI, the maximum density being obtained for the pure LIs, with the exception of the LI 2HDEAPe, where the maximum density occurs at a mass fraction of LI less than 1.

The goal of this study was the determination of land surface emissivity (LSE) by applying the NDVI Threshold method (NDVI ™) in a dune located on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul, composed by quartz and vegetation, since the surface temperature is directly influenced by this variable. Considering the quartz mineral has a well characterized emissive behavior by remote sensors, a Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS image was acquired and used as the basis for the analysis. As the method requires the previous emissivities of the objects, a spectral library of the mineral was also used to assume the effective emissivity of the quartz. It was possible to map the LSE of the study area. Besides the effectiveness of the method in areas with a mixture of quartz and vegetation, the efficiency and importance of build spectral libraries of different natural objects has been proven. After obtaining this variable, it is possible to apply these results in single-channel (SC) LST retrieval algorithms, the ones which use only one band in the thermal infrared region.

Water supply is a topic that causes a lot of discussion and search for alternatives, once a large part of the Brazilian population is still not served with quality and quantity water compatible for their basics activities Different forms to water abstraction and conventional treatment are used in order to minimize the lack of supply. The objective of this paper is to monitor the efficiency of intermittent slow filter, as a way to provide treated water ate household level, which aim the current potability standards for consumption. Two filters were built: one using mining waste as underdrain gravel (FCR), as an alternative to the current disposition in piles that causes negative impacts on the environment, and the other using traditional underdrain gravel (rocks) (FCB) as a control filter. Water quality monitoring was controlled by some physical, chemical and microbiological parameters defined by Health Ministry Ordinance no. 2914/11.

Textile dyes can become extremely harmful to the environment, due to this fact, the treatment of these effluents has been studied extensively by the adsorption technique. Artificial neural networks are computational techniques that present a mathematical model inspired by the neural structure of intelligent organisms and that acquire knowledge through experience. Studies involving artificial neural networks have been growing substantially in recent years due to their wide applicability in solving complex engineering problems, problems that the adsorption process permeates. The objective of this work is to show the use of artificial neural networks in recent works of the literature, focusing on the treatment of textile effluents by adsorption, besides emphasizing their efficiency, predicting experimental results.

The use of adsorbents is an effective way to remove oil on land or water. Aerogels are a class of adsorbents, which are characterized by their highly porous structure and low solids content, which gives the material a high oil adsorption capacity. In the present work, the influence of cellulose and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) concentration on the oil adsorption capacity of aerogel was evaluated. The aerogels produced had low specific mass (less than 0.025 g.cm-3) and high porosity (greater than 95%). Through the micrographs and spectroscopy it was possible to notice the adhesion of the silane to the surface of the fibers and thus to make them hydrophobic, proven through the contact angle superior to 120°. The adsorption capacity of the aerogels reached 78 g.g-1 for the homogeneous and 53 g.g-1 for the heterogeneous medium.

In this work, LaFeO3 particles were synthesized by the solvothermic route. The material obtained was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and adsorption-desorption isotherms of N2. The catalytic activity of this material was evaluated by the degradation of two azo dyes, frequently used by the food industry, tartrazine yellow and amaranth red, by Photo-Fenton reaction under sunlight. The characterization results confirm the formation of lanthanum ferrite, with crystalline structure and surface area of 5.04 m²/g. LaFeO3 presented good photocatalytic activity in the photo-fenton reaction, solar removing 100% of the solution color with yellow tartazin after 75 minutes, and after 30 min for the amaranth red dye. The amounts used in the reaction were 0.5 g / L of catalyst and 2,8 mmol / L of H2O2. Both reactions presented low iron leaching of the catalyst in the solutions.

Biosand Filter (BSF) is an alternative water treatment system that can be used in regions without access to public water supply. Amethyst mining waste is a material whose disposal in the environment causes serious environmental impacts. Thus, this study deals with a possible use of the amethyst mining waste as a underdrain level for BSF. Four filters were built, divided according to the underdrain level: two with underdrain level of rocks (group B) and two with underdrain level of mining waste (group R). The conductivity of the R group was increased due to the characteristics of the mining waste. The turbidity parameters for group R, and pH, for both groups, were not established by Health Ministry Ordinance no. 2914/11.

Ethylene (C2H4) is a natural ripening hormone of plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of the photocatalytic oxidation process in the elimination of ethylene. For this purpose, cherry tomatoes (S. lycopersicum L.), used as a model fruit, were placed in a hermetically sealed container with air circulation through a photocatalytic reactor, and the concentration of ethylene and carbon dioxide was monitored. Reactants and reaction products were identified and quantified using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The photocatalytic reactor proved to be efficient for elimination of ethylene produced by cherry tomatoes.

The Águas de Areias project, developed by the Águas do Nordeste Association (ANE), stands out in the awareness of the population about the damages caused by sand extraction and the support for the formulation of reports of illegal extraction in the dry beds of the Capibaribe river. The project comprise the creation of a knowledge integration network that was operationalized using a GIS (Geographic Information System). The GIS on the Web platform (SIGAreiasV2) shares the project data, displaying several layers of information, as well as providing features such as field survey form registration and the denouncement of irregular sand extraction along the river. This paper aims to the development of a mobile application (SIGAreias Mobile) integrated with SIGAreiasV2, in order to facilitate the collection of data in the field, as well as to receive denunciations of irregular sand extraction in the dry bed of the Capibaribe river. To this end, tools such as Ionic for application development and ArcGIS software for geoprocessing were used. In the field data collection, the application proved to be efficient.

The objective of this work is to present a form of efficient removal of metals from liquid effluents using polyaniline coated banana peel in Ni (II) adsorption in aqueous solution. The adsorbent solid synthesis was carried out by the oxidative polymerization process of the aniline together with the banana peel having a particle size of 28 mesh. The final solid was characterized by MEV / EDS and FTIR analyzes. The batch adsorption tests were performed at constant ambient temperature at different concentrations of Ni (II), solution pH, adsorbent mass and reaction time. At the end of each experiment, the solid sample was filtered, and the percent removal of the calculated metal. The results showed that the adsorbent proposed in this work, that is, the polyaniline / banana peel blender, is efficient in the removal of the metal under study, with a removal of more than 92%, under the conditions of pH 3, contact time of 10 minutes, adsorbent mass 0.01 g and nickel concentration of 50 mg L-1.

The rapid urbanization and growth of construction activities in Brazil generate a considerable amount of solid waste from the Civil Construction sector. The study and monitoring of construction waste (RCC) is recent in the country, causing difficulty in inspection. The SIGERCON system was developed to assist in the management of waste from construction works. The goal of this system is to provide automated management for contractors who need to perform RCC monitoring. This article deals with the implementation of the second module of SIGERCON, focusing on the management of RCC by the municipal authorities of the city, aiming to integrate it to the previous module. The second module was built using Web development technologies, such as the PHP language, and the CodeIgniter and ReactJS frameworks. In addition to the web system, an application for mobile devices is under development, aiming to assist urban cleaning agencies and the population in monitoring the irregular disposal of construction and demolition waste. The application will allow real-time reporting and inspection of civil construction works through georeferenced maps. The application uses the Cordova and Ionic frameworks, allowing reuse of code for various platforms

In the present study TiO2 was fixed in a Petri dish (P.TiO2), used as a rigid support. The deposition on the plate was performed by thin layer of aqueous solution of TiO2 followed by calcination at 550 °C, near the glass melting temperature. P.TiO2 was characterized by XRD and the band gap determined by UV-vis reflectance spectra. P.TiO2 was tested for photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange dye (LM) under solar radiation. Assays varying the intensity of the solar radiation showed that the supported TiO2 is able to degrade the dye even in low intensity of solar radiation, besides presenting similar efficiency of degradation for solutions with different concentrations and volumes. The photocatalytic efficiency remained above 90% for 5 cycles, without loss of material, indicating that TiO2 is well adhered to the glass surface. However, the glass plate with TiO2 supported has great potential to be used industrially, because its production is fast, simple and its photocatalytic activity remained optimum after the reuse cycles, dispensing separation methods.

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) is a recalcitrant chemical species, which is used in large quantities in the sanitizing industries. In the present work, the NPnEO oxidation with the H2O2/UV process was studied as a starting point for the development of a remediation strategy of a real effluent from a sanitizing industry. So far, the effect of the initial pollutant concentration, pollutant-peroxide molar proportion and the pH were studied. Besides the total carbon concentration variation (TOC) have been monitored. It was found that the reduction of NPnEO concentration occurs through a pseudo-first order kinects. Furthermore, the reaction rate increases with the peroxide molar ratios, being 94,4 % the maximum possible reduction (300 mg L-1 of initial concentration and molar ration of 1:20). To the initial solution pH, 94,5 and 95,3 % concentration reduction for pH 5 e 6, respectively, were reached. However, in the same condition in which the pollutant concentration decreased below the limit of detection, the total organic carbon concentration decreased only 8,6 %.

This work has as main objective to synthesize the cobalt ferrite and to use it as a Photo-Fenton catalyst, in order to evaluate the color removal and mineralization of Amaranto red dye, under solar radiation and visible light lamp. The cobalt ferrite particles (CoFe2O4) were synthesized through the solvothermic route and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and adsorption / desorption isotherms of N2. The catalytic activity was evaluated by removing the color and total organic carbon (TOC) of the dye when exposed to both sources of radiation. The characterization results showed the formation of single phase cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), with crystalline structure and surface area of 116 m2 g-1. It was found that the color removal of Amaranto Red dye was higher in sunlight (92%) than in visible light (30%) in 30 min. Under the same conditions, there was also greater removal of total organic carbon, in sunlight with 72% and in visible light 53% in 4h. Therefore, cobalt ferrite presents as a promising material for use in the photo-Fenton reaction under solar radiation and visible light for the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions mainly dyes.

Rice husk, a residue from the grain processing, was used to obtain cassava starch-based expanded structures. Two different methodologies were used for the expansion of the polymer matrix, one of them with a pregelatinization stage. The foams were characterized in terms of thickness, apparent density, mechanical properties and water absorption capacity. The results showed that the foams obtained with the pregelatinization of the starch presented the smallest thickness and the sample with addition of 40% rice husk had the highest bulk density (0,46 g cm-3). Higher tensile stresses (6,2 MPa) as well as higher stiffness were also observed for the samples obtained from this methodology. In addition, it was possible to observe that the addition of the residue caused a significant reduction (p

Burnings have become one of the factors that contribute most to the deforestation process in Brazil. The actions to curb the progress of deforestation go through several activities, however, fire prevention and awareness raising and dissemination of alternative technologies are effective proposals to avoid large destruction by fires, and long-term. This work will present some technologies currently used in the direction of visualization of the advance of deforestation in addition to the monitoring of the fire outbreaks using satellite imagery. Also will be presented data obtained from actions of IBAMA and other organisms in the sense of the generation of information that can lead to the understanding of the mechanisms related to the dynamics of fire use. It will also show possible alternatives to the evidence already pointed out by the data obtained, with the key point being the need to better educate the individual about the use of fire, either through sustainable use or through the application of production technologies that do not use fire.

In this work present the experimental analysis of small-scale clean and renewable energy through the use of MEAS PVDF-LDT0-028K piezoelectric polymers materials, whose vibrations were generated by the wind flow produced by a six-blade table fan, with velocities of approximately 3.0 to 5.6 m / s. To improve the deformation of the piezoelectric and the wind capture different geometric formats of laminated sheet of PVC were used: 12 x 08 cm (CG1); 15 x 07 cm (CG2); and 15 x 04 cm (CG3) by attaching them to the free end of the piezoelectric material and in position in the middle. The experimental results show the electrical outputs of approximately 20 to 250 microwatts corresponding to the piezoelectric coupling model with the PVC laminated sheet with dimensions 10 x 08 cm.

The extractive industry of essential oils generates as solid residue the aromatic plant after the process of extraction by steam distillation. This residue can be evaluated as a by-product for another use as, for example, in the adsorption process to remove contaminants. In this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the residue of the extraction process of Pentacalia desiderabilis as a biosorbent for the removal of three contaminants: methylene blue, caffeine and chromium. Three residues generated were obtained from different extraction pressures: 1 bar, 2 bar and 3 bar. The adsorption experiments were performed in batch with solutions of 20 mg L-1 of the contaminants and varying the pH in the values of 3, 7 and 11 for 3 hours. The removal efficiency of the pollutants in relation to the different biosorbents evaluated was quantified by the difference of the initial and final concentrations obtained by spectrophotometry. The data obtained in this study show that the evaluated biosorbents present potential for adsorption of pollutants, resulting in a maximum removal efficiency of 68% for methylene blue and 100% for caffeine and chromium. It was concluded that the pH and the different pressures used in the extractions did not significantly influence the adsorption process.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineralization of fish waste through composting. The study was conducted in a 1000L glass fibre reinforced plastic (1.13 m base, 0.93 m high and 1.32 m diameter), which received the waste mixture of fish and reused sawdust in the ratio of 5:1. Data were submitted to variance analysis and regression analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5%. The results showed that the composting provides mineralization of fish waste. The final compost of fish waste complies with Normative Instruction nº 25/2009 for agriculture use.

This work seeks to present the development of a Geographic Information System, which objective is to manipulate geographic data through insertion, removal, alteration and exhibition of points, as an auxiliary tool for decision make in several areas, among them the environmental area is highlighted. The client application implementation was made utilizing Javascript programming language, with the aid of free code libraries, the HTML markup language and the CSS style definition language. It’s interface is divided in: data insertion area, at the top, the map, at the center and an jqGrid table, in the bottom, to help in the map displayed data consultation, which is stored in the user browser. Lastly, this work seeks to be used as support for the posterior development of the application server side, which includes the implementation of a model to be applied to the webmapa and the database.

One of the biggest issues of the present time is the increase in the generation of solid waste and effluents, as well as in the disposal and treatment of these. Much of the food prepared daily in our homes or in restaurants uses vegetable oils, especially by immersion frying process. Used cooking oil is often improperly disposed of and dumped into the sink or toilet bowl, falling directly into the sewer or into the water pipes, causing them to clog, water contamination, stench and proliferation of insects and microorganisms. Knowing the enormous amount of oil used daily and its incorrect disposal, this work aimed to minimize the negative impact of this situation through an ecologically correct way. The frying oil used was collected from the students, teachers and staff of URI – Santo Ângelo. From August to December 2017, 75 liters of used vegetable oil was collected, which was used to make soap and later donated to the URI community.

The management of water resources has been gaining ground in society, especially after the demographic explosion, and consequent industrial growth, in the 19th and 20th centuries. These facts provoked an intense increase in the use and waste of resources like water, generating some scarcity. In this sense, technologies have been thought and developed in order to reduce and control these uses. Therefore, this work presents an analysis in relation to the hydrometrical windmills, method of flow measurement for rivers and canals, that allows the control of the same for the purposes of abstraction and supply. For this, the main descriptors were selected, also considering their translations into English, using the Scopus search base, in search sites for patents, such as Espacenet Patent Search, Questel Orbit, Espacenet, INPI Platform, Google Patents research platforms such as Google Academic and SciELO. It can be observed, after the search, that this technology was little explored, highlighting only some countries such as Spain, Republic of Korea and China, that aim at the best applications of the method.

This study proposes through figures of analytical merit the evaluation of the precision technique of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) in the quantification of trace elements in natural water samples from a reservoir destined to public supply, by having as reference the inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICPOES). The study area is located on the Lajeado Pardo River in northwest Rio Grande do Sul. The sampling has been made in the reservoir in three different spots, based on clean sampling techniques and following the 200.2 sample preparation procedure from the USEPA for the ICPOES technique, on other hand for EDRF technique has been used the membrane filtration technique, the DDTC method and the thermo concentration technique. The result shows a better connection between the reference technique and the thermo concentration one, which becomes an innovative approach when related to other sample preparation procedures.

Population growth is increasing day by day. However, the use of the available resources of the environment are being used indiscriminately. Among the environmental impacts, water resources can be highlighted as being among the most affected. The use of sewager reuse is a good alternative to be used for supplying the needs of which does not require qualities for drinking purposes. In this way, this work is about the evaluation of the saving of drinking water in a residential condominium using the effluent from the sewage as a reuse method for irrigation of gardens, supply of sanitary basins and taps of gardens of all lots of condominium. It was verified the data of the project already approved and licensed, by the competent environmental agency, to install the condominium. The realization of the water balance allowed to verify the water and sewage flows available for the study and proposal of the sewage reuse, researches in legislation, norms and guidelines that discuss the subject were used for the realization of the proposal where a significant saving can be obtained of more than 40.5% of drinking water.

Films and packaging fabrication from natural and biodegradable polymers is important for the sustainable development. Chitosan films are attractive to the packaging industry, once present biodegradable characteristics, are non-toxic and have antimicrobial properties. However, chemical modifications and alkaline treatment influence in films properties. So, the objective of this work was to produce chitosan films using acetic acid as a solvent and comparing its properties when crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and/or post-treated with NaOH. The films were produced by casting and characterized according to thickness, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and biodegradability. Based on the results it was possible to verify that chitosan films treated with NaOH presented higher stiffness and fragility, and higher water vapor permeability. Also, could be observed that the crosslinking and alkaline treatment had their effect overlapped. Biodegradation test showed that the treatments did not influence in degradability of chitosan films.

The search for new technologies for the treatment of water and wastewater is constant, and the membrane separation processes are interesting alternatives. In this context, a tubular ceramic membrane of alumina CT3000SG and commercial zeolite ZSM-5 was prepared by centrifugal casting technique for the treatment of waters and wastewater. The ceramic membrane obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, apparent porosity by the Archimedes method, hydraulic permeability and retention for methyl violet dye and PEG20000. The results showed that the membrane presents a symmetrical and porous morphology due to the high calcination temperature used in the process. The hydraulic permeability was equal to 26.1 L m-2 h-1 bar-1, the apparent porosity of 30.7%, the retention to the methyl violet dye was 37% and the retention to PEG20000 was of 4.6%.

Nowadays, new processes that emit less CO2 and generate less waste are necessary. The international steel community is faced with the challenge of developing processes that make steel production more sustainable in the future. Thus, this paper describes the analysis of gases from the reduction of iron ore pellets using a mixture of inert gas and hydrogen as reducing gas. It was used a thermogravimetric balance coupled to a mass spectrometer for the experiments. It can be concluded that the use of hydrogen in the reduction of iron ore is an alternative in the attempt to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases.

Composites of semiconducting materials and conducting polymers has been highlighted as a new type of materials, with better properties than their neat precursors. The polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most promising conducting polymers due to its unique electrical conductivity, stability, biocompatibility, high absorption in the visible part of the spectra and direct synthesis. It has been noticed that the PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites have greater adsorption capacity and better photocatalytic activity in comparison to neat TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a theoretical study on the synthesis, characterization and application of PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites in photocatalytic processes. Among the synthesis methods for this composite, the in situ polymerization has become promising due its simplicity, good reproducibility and easy scale-up. Results from literature show that the PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites have lower band gap energies in comparison to pure TiO2, suggesting an increase in the formation of the photoexcited electron hole pairs, making them promising for photocatalytic applications.

Biossalina farming is the cultivation of fodder plants Irrigated with well water salinizada, an initiative that is being signed between several institutes and Universities beyond the help of companies and the Government, as for example, the Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA) and Semi-arid Embrapa (Brazilian agricultural research Company), to help small farmers and ranchers who live in dry regions such as the semi-arid sertão in northeastern. The goal is to empower farmers in northeastern communities that are hardest hit by drought, and wells, to work with the new technology of agriculture biossalina, into showing interest in this innovation, producing basic foodstuffs and fodder, to create their animals, in addition to promoting sustainability and restoration of this biome site that is the Caatinga.

Fluoride ions are a major qualitative problem of groundwater for public supply. Ingested in excess, these ions trigger health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, among others. The electrocoagulation flotation (ECF) is shown to be a promising technique for defluoridation applications of public water supply. In this work, the effects of the main variables of this process, the current density (0.001 to 0.033mA/cm²) and the reaction time (5 to 30min.) were evaluated. Through the planning of experiments, a CCD with the independent variables, obtained results of fluoride removal efficiency of up to 98.55% in a groundwater sample used to supply a public school in the interior of RS, 2.557 mgF-L-1, when the state limit is 0.9 mgF-.L-1. Through analysis of the variance (ANOVA), a mathematical model and the surface response of the process were obtained. Thus, ECF shows an efficient and promising defluoride unit operation compared to other conventional techniques.

Forest fires are one of the main threats to biodiversity, these threats are prevalent mainly in protected areas. Detections of satellite foci are critical in the forest fire monitoring system. The objective of the study is to analyze the heat sources in Flona Tapajós and to compare the data of Fire Occurrence Records. It is considered one of the most important conservation units of the National System of Conservation Units, being the most visited protected area in the Northern region of Brazil, with approximately 30 thousand visitors per year and also having a sustainable use model. Data from the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) obtained from the NOA, NPP, AQUA and GOES satellites were used. The spatial analysis was performed using the ArcGis 10.1 software, model to the Kernel density standard. There were 53 heat sources detected in 2006 and 94 in the year 2016, totaling 147 outbreaks, with the highest percentage in the north of the municipality of Belterra. The AQUA and NPP satellites presented the best results in amount of detection.

Abstract Textile Effluents discharged in water bodies without any kind of treatment cause not only aesthetic, but also environmental impacts. Conventional effluent treatments, in general, do not remove color in an efficient manner and they can also generate large amounts of residue. This work aimed on the degradation of a synthetic textile effluent color containing Acid Blue 40 dye by an electrolytic treatment. The textile effluent passed through a closed system where an electric current of 5 amperes was implemented by using a titanium anode covered by 70%TiO2/30%RuO2. Samples were collected from the electrolytic reactor at 0, 5 and 10 minutes of treatment. To evaluate the degrading of the initial color, spectrophotometric analysis on the visible field was performed and infrared spectrophotometric analysis was performed to verify the degrading of the dye molecule. Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) also were performed to evaluate the removal of COD and if the biodegradability was modified. The spectrophotometric analysis indicated total removal of the initial color at 10 minutes of treatment and the infrared indicated molecular alteration of the original dye. It was verified decrease in the COD and an increase in the BOD which indicated higher bioavailability of the compounds generated after the electrolytic process.

Civil construction, for years, has been notable for being a sector in full expansion, contributing significantly to the Brazilian economy. This expressive growth has made it a major consumer of energy, natural goods, raw materials and inputs. In addition, construction not only contributes to the exhaustion of these resources, but also contributes to a considerable generation of waste. The lack of management of this waste causes damage to the environment. Through this, a diagnosis of the generation of said residues was elaborated in the city of Caxias do Sul to later evaluate, through physical and chemical tests, the application of these residues as soil reinforcement, since recycling is an alternative of disposal for the residues and the lack of resistance in soils implies significant costs, either for the reinforcement of the soil of the area, or the alteration of the terrain, which may impact on other factors. With the diagnosis of the generation and characterization of construction waste for Caxias do Sul, it is possible to evaluate the possibility of applying these residues to new functions.

This study aims to discuss the improvement of soil for use in the paving, using techniques less aggressive to the environment. The characterization of paving materials is quite complex, since pavements are exposed to environmental factors, magnitudes, fre- quency of loads, state of stress and different application time. The improvement of soils with addition of lime, demonstrating its benefits as its physical and mechanical characteristics used in engineering. Lime is an economical material, easy to acquire and ecological, allowing a use of the existing soils in the place where the work is implanted, reducing the environmental impacts.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of fish waste for the production of organic compost. The experiment was conducted in a composting cell with dimensions 1.10 m long, 1.50 m wide, 1.20 m high, and 2.50 m ceiling height, which received the mixture of marine fish waste (skin and fin) and reused Pinus sawdust in the ratio 7:3. The efficiency of the composting process was evaluated through the analysis of biomass temperature, moisture content, pH, ashes, mineralization index, carbon/nitrogen ratio and total contents of organic matter, organic carbon and nitrogen. The data were submitted to variance analysis and regression analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5%. The results demonstrated that composting is an efficient process for fishery wastes. The compost produced complies with Normative Instruction nº 25/2009 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, to be marketed as organic fertilizer.

With world population growth, the search for technological innovations that increase food production, without further compromising the environment is imperative. In this scenario, highlights the aquaponics, that associates vegetable production with fish production, contributes to food production, promotes food security, guarantees the availability and sustainable management of water, ensures sustainable production and consumption patterns, important issues deliberated in the goals of Sustainable Development Objectives - 2030. However, to achieve the positive results in aquaponics one must also consider the energy issue. The objective of this work was to establish an aquaponics system activated by renewable energy sources. The aquaponics system in study was established in the urban area of a Private Higher Education Institution, located in Curitiba / PR, in an area of 80 m2 containing a glass tank to create the fish, 9 horizontal hydroponic channels, 2 hydroponic systems spiral, 1 biological filter tank and renewable energy generation systems composed of polycrystalline photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine. In addition to the benefits related to the production of food vegetable and animal origin and the rationalization of water use, the implementation of the aquaponics system activated by renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic panels and wind tower constitutes an innovative and viable initiative, consolidating the contribution from aquaponics to society and to the environment.

In view of the advances in nanotechnology and its importance in the various energy and environment sectors, the investigation of nanomaterials for the formation of carbon membranes that may be used in gas separation is a major challenge due to the production difficulties and the low reproducibility of this type of material. In this context, the present work has as objective the preparation of carbon membranes based on poly(ether imide) supported in ceramic tubes for the separation of gases. The carbon membranes were prepared by coating the ceramic supports with polymer films with concentrations of 10 and 15% (m/m) and submitting the films to pyrolysis up to 600 °C. The membranes were characterized regarding the morphology and composition. In addition, to evaluate their performance, permeation tests with CO2, O2, N2 and He gases were performed. The results showed the formation of a selective carbon layer with good uniformity and adherence to the ceramic support, for both concentrations. It was also possible to observe that there was little or no carbon intrusion in the ceramic support, proving the efficiency of the coating step. Finally, permeation tests indicated that the main mechanism of gas separation is surface diffusion and the ideal selectivity indicated the potential of these membranes for the adjustment of the gas stream such as the synthesis gas.

A indústria sucroalcooleira é tradicional no Brasil tendo em vista a produção e comercialização de açúcar e etanol. Entretanto, como resultado, há geração de grande quantidade de subprodutos, os quais nem sempre são destinados corretamente. O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, apesar do direcionamento para a geração de vapor e energia elétrica nas próprias usinas, apresenta-se como um problema, pois grande quantidade não é utilizada. Com o devido tratamento do bagaço, é possível a obtenção de hidrolisados lignocelulósicos, que são ricos em fontes de carbono como xilose e glicose, o que os torna matéria-prima aproveitável em fermentações. Klebsiella oxytoca é capaz de converter os açúcares presentes nos hidrolisados, levando à formação de 2,3-butanodiol (2,3-BDO), metabólito com grande potencial de aplicação em diferentes setores industriais. No presente trabalho foram formulados meios sintéticos baseados em misturas de glicose e xilose, em diferentes concentrações, como uma forma de simulação do uso de hidrolisados lignocelulósicos. Os parâmetros cinéticos de crescimento celular, consumo de substratos e formação de 2,3-BDO por K. oxytoca foram avaliados. Na presença simultânea de glicose e xilose, a glicose é o substrato preferencialmente consumido em detrimento da xilose durante o cultivo. A produção de 2,3-BDO foi superior na concentração mais alta de substratos avaliada (10 g/L de glicose + 65 g/L de xilose), atingindo cerca de 32 g/L, com total consumo dos substratos, o que indica a potencialidade de K. oxytoca na conversão de hidrolisados lignocelulósicos em 2,3-BDO.

The textile effluents have different compositions and meaningful quantity of toxic materials. They present in their composition materials hard do degrade through biological methods, making difficult to treat them. Among the new alternatives of treatment, we find the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). They are widely used, since the hydroxyl OH● radicals produced are highly reactive, acting on the chemical oxidation of different substances. Therefore, the objective of this work was assessing the application of an Advanced Oxidation Process, Fenton, in textile effluents. In the studies performed involving reactive blue dye degradation, promising results referent to a higher concentration Fe+2 (pH=4) catalyzer was evidenced, obtaining 88.95 % of removal, and under the same test conditions (pH=3.0) a dye removal efficiency of 86.85% was obtained. In this context, the tests were performed employing ferrous ion of 0.5 % and 0.1 %, with average removal of 88.95 % and 46.25 % respectively. Thus, it is seen that higher concentrations of Fe+2 catalyzer makes the effluent degradation more efficient. Microbiological tests showed that the produced filter filling had an excellent antibacterial activity.

The present work proposes the application of the electrocoagulation process in the treatment of effluent coming from a serigraphy. As methodology, a voltage of 25 v and current of 5 A in a batch reactor under constant agitation, was applied. The variables used in this study were: electrolyte concentration (2 or 4 g.500mL-1), electrode (aluminum or brass) and hydraulic detention time (15 - 20 - 23 minutes). The efficiency was observed by the comparison of turbidity parameters, pH and sedimentable solids according to CONAMA Resolutions 357/2005 and 430/2011. The results obtained show the degradation of 97.48% of the organic material employing the aluminum electrode for 23 minutes and electrolyte concentration of 2 g.500 mL-1, final pH of the solution corresponding to 9.65 and non-detectable value for sedimentable solids. The results of the tests with aluminum electrode presented efficiency greater than 95 % and they can be launched in class 1 hydric bodies after pH correction. The brass electrode with 2 g.500 mL-1 concentration presented turbidity reduction lower than 50 %.

The progressive increase of potable water consumption and the weather conditions have influenced the decrease of the available sources of potable water to human consumption. Thus, it is necessary to seek alternative ways of disinfecting water, with the purpose of meeting the drinkability standards required for the water supplying to the human consumption. The present study has the objective of employing functionalized zinc Nanoparticles in a 3% percentage in mass, in polymeric matrix (Polyamide 66) for disinfecting water contaminated with E.coli bacteria (organism indicating fecal contamination), taking into account as variables the residence time (1, 2 or 3h), the temperature (25 and 35oC) and the agitation or resting condition. The average of the values in duplicate shows that the resting condition is more efficient in terms of lethality of the indicator microorganism and that the temperature of 35oC, for the 3h time interval, allows the reduction of the microbial activity in 85.99%.

Several methods have been studied as alternatives for water disinfection. Among them, the use of metals such as silver, mainly in its nanostructured form have gained great attention. The incorporation of these nanoparticles in a substrate is indispensable to be applied as an antibacterial filter medium for water disinfection. This work aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the (aminoethyl-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AES) as stabilizer and coupling agent to incorporate these nanostructures onto the microcrystalline cellulose particles. In this way, such functionalized natural particles as an antibacterial filter filling capable to disinfect water. Among the different amounts of AES tested, the concentration of 10.8 mmol.L-1 resulted in a higher concentration of silver nanoparticles with smaller dispersion of sizes, and better colloidal stability along the time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the nanoparticles synthesized with this concentration of AES presented a geometry tending to spherical and an average size close to 5.0 nm. The functionalization of the cellulose microparticles with silver nanoparticles was confirmed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry with (ICP-MS). Microbiological tests showed that the produced filter filling had an excellent antibacterial activity.

Renewable source materials such as starch have been widely studied because of their availability and biodegradability serving as an alternative to petroleum derived materials. This work evaluated the performance of corn starch as an emulsifier in the polymerization of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), replacing polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH from petrochemical source), which is used in the formulation of adhesives. The corn starch experiment (EXP 0002-C) and standard product PVOH (Emulsion 053) were polymerized by the emulsion polymerization process, simulating the polymerization process with polyvinyl alcohol. The samples were evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); stability analysis and bond strength. In the FTIR analysis it was identified that the polymerization reaction occurred and was stable during this period of 50 days. The EXP. 0002-C presented a similar bonding result to Emulsion 053 on MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) wood substrate. In the Pinus wood the results were inferior to the Emulsion 053. The paper performance, due to the fragility of this substrate, it was not possible to determine quantitative values of mechanical resistance, being that the experiment met satisfactory performance with the breakdown of the substrate when opening effort of the gluing area.

The cultural events should be linked to the community because it is a way to strengthen the culture from which it arose can also be motivated to construct and strengthen the existing identity. Thus, the present research aims to propose a prototype of hat for use of disclosure of the Arraial of Pavulagem institute, Belém/PA and use of the participants of the parade. It is a folder of recycled paper with information about the Institute that through the designer and folds turns into a hat, a very expressive symbol of this cultural manifestation. The methodology consisted of a literature review, visits and photographic records of the Arraial of Pavulagem Institute and the application of questionnaires, with closed questions regarding the knowledge and interest about the cultural manifestations in the participants of the organization. It was verified that the product can be well accepted and will help in the observed problem of little knowledge by the local population of the actions in the environmental line offered.

Green roofs are structures that emerge as a cover alternative capable of providing various advantages over conventional roofs. Among the main ones can be mention: control of the surface runoff; improvements in landscape and thermal comfort. The costs of implementing the green roof are another draw as they are smaller when compared to conventional roofs. The objective was to study the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of using green roofs in Serra Gaúcha, which has a cold and humid climate. It was defined the place of implementation, the vegetation that best adapts to it and the infrastructure necessary for the implementation of the roof. The prototype was assembled from a wooden plate with a slope of three degrees, in order to guarantee that water is drained, under the wood were placed the geomembrane layers of HDPE, geotextile, expanded clay and the layer of vegetation composed by the (Hedw) and Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.) A. Jaeger. After the implementation of the prototype, we will study the parameters of the species Atrichum androgynum (Müll. Hal) technicians and verified the economic and environmental feasibility, hoping to demonstrate that green roofs are an alternative in the Serra Gaúcha and what benefits this can add the region with its implementation.

The excess of fluoride ions constitute a qualitative problem in water supply, implying the need for defluorination. For the development of adsorption studies, the characterization of adsorbents is of fundamental importance. The objective of this study was to prepare the activated carbon of rice hulls, to quantify the surface area and zero load point of commercial coal, activated alumina and the activated charcoal of rice hulls. The surface area evaluation of commercial activated carbon resulted in 561 m²g-1, the activated alumina in 71 m²g-1, and 107 m²g-1 activated rice husk. The pHPCZ of the commercial activated carbon was 7.38, the activated alumina was 7.98 and the activated charcoal of rice husk was 7.05. Thus, the characterization of the adsorbents demonstrates a great possibility of application of these, since they are available locally, also highlighting the feasibility of the application of the rice husk in the production of activated carbon.

The construction industry is currently one of the largest generators of waste in a global scale. In the scope of the construction sites, the so-called Civil Construction’s Residues (RCC) are generated, which presents a large portion of recyclable material. In this context, the aim of the present research is to synthesize and to evaluate the compression strength of cement pastes at 28 days, produced from an alternative binder to commercial Portland cement, synthesized with residues of red ceramic tile from three different sources. In relation to the maximum stress, it was observed that, compared to commercial, BG cement reached 41.93% of the maximum commercial stress, while Santorini cement reached 35.94% and Nilda cement reached 15.10%. Thus, it is concluded that the use of the synthesized binders is restricted to applications that requires low compressive strength and do not have a structural function.

The recycling of construction waste in the development of new materials appears as a sustainable alternative for the allocation of surpluses of civil construction works that were previously disposed in nature, such as dumps and landfills. Since Portland cement is the second most consumed material by mankind, is extremely important that technologies of economical approach and sustainability being developed to seize the abundant and cheap raw-material for its production. In this context, the aim of the present research is to synthese and analyze the crystalline structure by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique of hydraulic binders produced with residues of red ceramic tile. The results allowed to identify characteristic peaks of some of the main compounds of Portland cement, such as Dicalcium silicate (C2S) Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and Diiron dialuminium tetracalcium oxide (C4AF) allowing to conclude that it is possible to produce the alternative binder with characteristics similar to Portland cement.

In order to prevent the degradation of the water bodies quality, domestic wastewater has its discharge standards limited by current legislation. In this way, when they do not reach these limits it is conditioned to a treatment. Among the treatment alternatives, electrocoagulation-flotation, an electrochemical process that combines the mechanisms of oxidation, coagulation, flocculation and flotation, has been shown capable of promoting an adequate treatment for wastewater, besides presenting positive aspects in the operational, economic and sustainable perspectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a domestic wastewater treatment system composed of an electrocoagulation-flotation reactor. The study was conducted in a cylindrical reactor, with 1 L capacity, equipped with a pair of aluminum electrodes, connected to a direct-current power supply. The experimental conditions were of 1.00 cm of distance between the electrodes, 1,50 A of electric current, 20 min of electrolysis time and 262,5 rpm of agitation. The performance of the system was verified through the analysis of physical and chemical parameters of the wastewater before and after the treatment. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the electrocoagulation-flotation system presented good performance in the domestic sewage treatment, with average removal efficiencies of 78.86% chemical oxygen demand, 97.26% apparent color and 90.05% turbidity